PHAGOCYTOSIS OF PERIODONTOPATHOGENIC BACTERIA BY CREVICULAR GRANULOCYTES IN SEVERE PERIODONTITIS AND MODULATING BY ANTIBIOTICS

Abstract
In vitro-phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 and of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans FDC 44 by crevicular PMNs were determined in severe periodontitis. Each 18 patients with periodontitis and 9 healthy controls were included. Phagocytosis and intracellular killing were assessed by fluorescence microscopy after staining with acridine orange. The percentage of phagocytosing PMNs were enumerated and then two groups were separated: < 10 bacteria, > 10 bacteria phagocyted. The percentage of PMNs with viable bacteria was also registered. In healthy subjects there were more phagocytes with more than 10 ingested P. gingivalis than in periodontitis patients. The intracellular killing was diminished in the periodontitis group for P. gingivalis and for A. actinomycetemcomitans. Furthermore effects of subinhibitoric concentrations of antibiotics (clindamycin, doxycylin and metronidazole) were tested by the same method. Each granulocytes obtained from 13 - 24 periodontitis patients and 8 - 13 heathy controls were tested. Clindamycin enhanced phagocytosing capacity, contrary both doxycyclin and metronidazole decreased it. These effects were independent of the strain used. Also intracellular killing might be deviated by antibiotics. The results indicate a diminished phagocytosis of periodontopathognic species in periodontitis and an influence of antibiotics used in treatment on this unspecific immune response.

Key words
Periodontitis, fagocitosis, P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans

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