SLEEP DISORDERS DURING MENOPAUSE

Abstract
A review of sleep disorders during menopause is made; the probable ethiology, inciter factors, and the importance of the clinical history and differential diagnosis. The importance of the hormone replacement therapy and its alternative treatments, have also being analyzed.

Bibliografía del artículo

1. Vázquez N. Menopausia, en Normas de Ginecología y Obstetricia; Acosta Osio y cols. 3a edición. Editorial Antillas, Barranquilla, Colombia. 1998; 267-268.
2. Fernández E, Rodríguez A. Menopausia y sociedad, en: Palacios S. Climaterio y menopausia. Editorial Mirpal, Madrid. 1993:1-10.
3. Nachtigall L. Síntomas de la perimenopausia. Clin Obstet Ginecol. Mc Graw-Hill, Interamericana, México. 1998;4:871-876.
4. Celades M. Aspectos clínicos en la menopausia, en: Palacios S. Climaterio y menopausia. Editorial Mirpal, Madrid. 1993:64-68.
5. Botella J. La edad crítica. Climaterio y menopausia. Editorial Salvat, Barcelona, España. 1990:205-206.
6. Jones C, Czajkowski L. Valoración y tratamiento del insomnio en la menopausia. Clin Obstet Ginecol. Mc Graw-Hill, Interamericana, México. 2000;1:171-182.
7. Moran MG, Thompson TJ. Sleep disorders in the edelry. Am J Psychiatry. 1988;145(11):1369-78.
8. Kravitz HM, Powell LH, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Meyer P. Sleep difficulty in women al midlife: a community survey of sleep and the menopausal transition. Menopause 2003; 10(1): 19-28.
9. Lauritzen C. Estrogen in the menopause. 1975;20-29.
10. Goonaratna C, Fonseka P, Wijeywardene K. Perimenopausal symptoms in Sri Lanka women. Ceylon Med J 1999;44(2):63-69.
11. Salvatierra M. Alteraciones psicológicas y sexuales en la menopausia, en: Palacios S. Climaterio y menopausia. 1990;69-89.
12. Yahya S, Rehan N. Age pattern and symptoms of menopause among rural women of Lahore. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2002; 14(3): 9-12.
13. Keenan N, Mark S, Fugh-Berman A et al. Severity of menopausal symptoms and use of both conventional and complementary/alternative therapies. Menopause 2003; 10(6):507-15.
14. Steiger A et al. Menopause may enhance sleep-endocrine features of depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2003; 28:401-18.
15. Santoro N, Brown JR et al. Characterization of reproductive hormonal dynamics in the perimenopause. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81:1495-1501.
16. Cutler WB, García CR, Krieger A. Sexual behavior frequency and menstrual cycle length inmature premenopausal women. Psychoneuro. 1979; 4:297-309, 1984.
17. Erlik Y, Ttaryn IV, Meldrum DR et al. Association of waking episodies with menopausal hot flashes. JAMA. 1981:1741-44.
18. Polo-Kantola P, Erkkola R, Irjala K. Climateric symptoms and sleep quality. Obstet Gynecol. 1999;94(2):219-22.
19. Aldrich M. Sleep medicine. New York, Oxford Press. 1999:77-8.
20. Thompson J. Menopause and sleep. Brit Med J. 1997:1317-19.
21. American College Obstetric Gynecol (ACOG); Technical Bulletin. Int J Gyn Obs. 1995;51:171-181.
22. Coleman RM, Roffivarg HD, Kennedy SJ. Sleep wake disorders based on a PSG diagnosis. JAMA 1982;247(7):997-1003.
23. Ford DE, Kamerow DR. Epidemilogic study of sleep disturbances and psyquiatric disorders. JAMA. 1989;262(11):1479-84.
24. Katz DA, Mc Horney CA. Clinical correlates of insomnia in patients with chronic illness. Arch Inter Med. 1998;158(19):1099-107.
25. American Sleeps Disorders Association. The International Classification of Sleep disorders. Diagnosis and coding manual. Rochester. Minn.: A.S.D.A. 1977.
26. Owens JF, Mattehws KA. Alteraciones del sueño en la menopausia. Maturitas. 1998;30(1):41-50.
27. JeanLouis G, Krippke DF, Assmus JD, Langer RD. Gerontology, 2000 ; 55 (3):120-123.
28. Shahar E et al. HRT may help prevent sleep-disordered breathing. Am J Resp Critical Car Med 2003; 167: 1186-92.
29. Young T et al. Menopause linked to sleep-disordered breathing. Am J Resp Critical Car Med 2003.
30. Bixler EO, Vgontzas AN, Lin HM. Prevalence of sleep disordered breathing in women-Effect of gender. Am J Respiratory & Critical Care Med. 2001; 163(3):608-13.
31. Schiff I, Regestein Q et al. Effects of estrogens on sleep and psycholoical state of hypogonadal womwn. JAMA. 1979;242:2405-07.
32. Polo-Kantola P, Erkkola R. When does estrogen replacement therapy improve sleep quality Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998;178:1002-09.
33. Keefe DL, Watson R. Naftolin F. Hormone replacement therapy may alleviate sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) in menopausal women. Menopause. 1999;6(3):196-200.
34. Antonijevic LA, Stalla GK, Steiger A. Modulation of the sleep electroencephalogram by estrogen replacement in postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gyneol. 2000;182(2):277-282.
35. Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL et al. Risk and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women\'s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc 2002; 288: 321-33.
36. Freedman MA. Quality of life and menopause: the role of estrogen. J Womens Health. 2002; 11(8): 703.
37. Schneider HPG, Pines A, O\'Neill S, Naftolin F, Sturdee DW et al. Guidelines for HRT in women\'s during menopausal transitions and post menopause. Climateric 2004; 7:8-11.
38. Kupfer DJ, Reynolds CF. Management of insomnia. N Engl J Med. 1977; 336(5):341-6.
39. De Leo V, Lanzeta D et al. Treatment of neurovegetative menopausal symptoms with a phytotherapeutic agent. Minerva Ginecol. 1998; 50(5):207-11.
40. Albert A, Altabre A, Baro F, Buendía E, Cabero A, Cancelo MJ et al. Efficacy and safety of phytoestrogen preparation derived from glycine max. (L) Merr in climacteric symptomatology: a multicentric, open prospective and no-randomized trial. Phytomedicine 2002; 9(2): 85-92.
41. Kass-Annese B. Tratamiento alternativo para la menopausia. Clin Obstet Ginecol. Mc Graw Hill, Interamericana, México. 2000;1:151-169.
42. Gushleff BW. ProEstron, conjugated phytoestrogen complex. Longevity News Network. 1999.
43. Warmeck G. Studies on the clinical efficacy and tolerance of kava extract. Forshr Med. 1991;109:120-22.
44. Ullman D. The paradox of homeopathy. The Integrative Medicine Consult. 1999;15:99-105.
45. Cramer EH, Jones P, Keenan NL, Thomspson BL. Is naturopathy as effective as conventional therapy for treatment of menopausal symptoms J Altern Compement Med 2003; 9(4): 529-38.
46. Newton KM, Buist DS, Keenan NL, Anderson LA, LaCroix AZ. Use of alternative therapies for menopause symptoms: results of a population-based survey. Obstet Gynecol 2002; 100(1): 18-25.
47. Cohen SM, Rousseau ME, Carey BL. Can acupuncture ease the symptoms of menopause Holist Nurs Pract 2003; 17(6): 295-9.
48. Bootzin RR, Nicassio PM. Behavioral treatments for insomnia. Progress in Behavior Modification. New York: Academic Press. 1978;6:1-16.

Autoevaluación