EL TRASTORNO POR DEFICIT DE ATENCION E HIPERACTIVIDAD PUEDE PERSISTIR EN LA ADULTEZ

Existen disfunciones ejecutivas en adultos con TDAH: alteración en la respuesta de inhibición, en la capacidad de planificación, dificultades en flexibilidad cognitiva y fluidez verbal y dificultades en memoria de trabajo.

Autor:
Roberto Rodríguez-jiménez
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre

Artículos publicados por Roberto Rodríguez-jiménez

Coautores
Ana Isabel Cubillo* Guillermo Ponce** Isabel Martínez-Gras*** Gabriel Rubio** Miguel Angel Jiménez-Arriero****
Psicóloga Clínica., King´s College, Londres, Reino Unido*
Psiquiatra. Profesor Asociado de Psiquiatría. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España**
Psiquiatra., Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España***
Psiquiatra Jefe de Sección. Profesor Asociado de Psiquiatría. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Complutense de Madrid., Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España****

Recepción del artículo
18 de Diciembre, 2008

Aprobación
26 de Febrero, 2009

Primera edición
31 de Marzo, 2009

Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

EL TRASTORNO POR DEFICIT DE ATENCION E HIPERACTIVIDAD PUEDE PERSISTIR EN LA ADULTEZ

Resumen
El trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) fue considerado un trastorno típico de la infancia, cuya sintomatología remitía al llegar a la edad adulta. Sin embargo, los estudios longitudinales realizados demostraron la persistencia de los síntomas en la edad adulta en un porcentaje elevado de casos (entre 30%-60%). De manera análoga, las disfunciones cognitivas descritas en los niños con TDAH se han encontrado en los pacientes adultos con TDAH. Así, las principales disfunciones ejecutivas encontradas en los pacientes adultos son similares a las encontradas en niños con TDAH: alteración en la respuesta de inhibición, en la capacidad de planificación, dificultades en flexibilidad cognitiva y fluidez verbal y dificultades en memoria de trabajo. Dado que estas alteraciones en las funciones ejecutivas se relacionan con, al menos, parte de la sintomatología que se observa en los adultos con TDAH (como dificultades en la organización y planificación de tareas, hábitos de trabajo ineficientes, dificultades en el control de la impulsividad o problemas académicos y laborales), será de especial importancia aumentar el conocimiento de dichas disfunciones ejecutivas en los pacientes adultos con este trastorno.

Palabras clave
disfunción ejecutiva, trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad, respuesta de inhibición, memoria de trabajo, flexibilidad cognitiva

Artículo completo
(castellano)
Extensión: +/-10.72 páginas impresas en papel A4
Exclusivo para suscriptores/assinantes

Executive Dysfunctions in Adults with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has traditionally been considered as a childhood disorder, with symptoms that remitted in adulthood. Nevertheless, longitudinal studies have shown the persistence of the symptoms in adulthood in a high percentage of cases (between 30%-60%). Similarly, cognitive dysfunctions described in children with ADHD have also been observed in adults with ADHD. Thus, the main executive dysfunctions found in adult patients mimic those found in children with ADHD: disturbances in response inhibition, in planning abilities, difficulties in cognitive flexibility and verbal fluency, as also in working memory. Given the relationship between these and at least part of the symptoms observed in ADHD (such as difficulties in organising and planning tasks, inefficient working habits, difficulties in impulsivity control, or academic or work problems) it seems especially important to increase the knowledge of those executive dysfunctions in adults with ADHD.

Key words
executive dysfunction, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, inhibition response, working memory, cognitive flexibility

Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos de Iberoamérica >
página www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Salud Mental
Relacionadas: Atención Primaria, Geriatría, Medicina Familiar, Medicina Interna, Neurología

Enviar correspondencia a:
Roberto Rodríguez-Jiménez, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Pabellón de medicina Comunitaria Servicio de Psiquiatría , 28041, Avda Andalucía s/n, Madrid, España

Patrocinio y reconocimiento:
Financiado por el Ministerio de Sanidad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERSAM; y por la Fundación Alicia Koplowitz.

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