A AMEBIASE DEVERIA DETECTAR-SE COM METODOLOGIAS DIAGNOSTICAS MAIS ECONOMICAS E ESPECIFICAS





A AMEBIASE DEVERIA DETECTAR-SE COM METODOLOGIAS DIAGNOSTICAS MAIS ECONOMICAS E ESPECIFICAS

(especial para SIIC © Derechos reservados)
A (La) amebíase é uma (es una) infecção parasitária causada pela (por) Entamoeba histolytica, protozoário que representa um risco à saúde nos (un riesgo para la salud en los) países onde as (donde las) barreiras sanitárias são inadequadas.
Autor:
Fred Luciano Neves Santos
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães


Artículos publicados por Fred Luciano Neves Santos
Recepción del artículo
28 de Septiembre, 2014
Aprobación
5 de Noviembre, 2014
Primera edición
9 de Diciembre, 2014
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
A (La) amebíase é uma (es una) infecção parasitária causada pela (por) Entamoeba histolytica, protozoário que representa um risco à saúde nos (un riesgo para la salud en los) países onde as (donde las) barreiras sanitárias são inadequadas. Estima-se que 500 milhões de indivíduos em todo o mundo estejam (se encuentran) infectados por este patógeno, havendo até (hay hasta) 100 000 óbitos anuais (muertes anuales). O (El) diagnóstico laboratorial é realizado rotineiramente através da (rutinariamente a través de la) demonstração microscópica de cistos e/ou (o) trofozoítos no (en el) sedimento fecal, não permitindo a (no permitiendo la) detecção de variações interespecíficas entre a E. histolytica e espécies não patogênicas como a Entamoeba dispar e a (y) Entamoeba moshkovskii . Metodologias imunológicas para a pesquisa de anticorpos contra a (la búsqueda de anticuerpos contra) E. histolytica já foram usadas e são (ya fueron utilizadas y son) capazes de diferenciar as espécies do (entre las especies del) complexo E. histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii, apesar de apresentarem resultados falso positivos e negativos. De modo semelhante a pesquisa de antígenos específicos por técnicas imunológicas são de utilidade limitada. A reação em cadeia da (La reacción en cadena de la) polimerase ainda constitui a metodologia de escolha para o (todavía es la metodología de elección para el) diagnóstico específico da amebíase, entretanto metodologias mais recentes foram empregadas no (fueron empleadas en el) diagnóstico da amebíase levando a resultados promissores (promisorios). A PCR em tempo real e as tecnologias baseadas na (basadas en la) detecção de microesferas magnéticas acopladas foram utilizadas para o diagnóstico da amebíase e apresentaram bom desempenho. Apesar do avanço no (del avance en el) diagnóstico laboratorial da amebíase ao longo dos anos, ainda há necessidade do desenvolvimento de (a lo largo de los años, todavía hay necesidad de desarollar) uma metodologia barata e específica para a E. histolytica que possa ser utilizada nos laboratórios clínicos em todo o mundo em substituição às (de las) técnicas ultrapassadas utilizadas até hoje (hasta hoy).

Palabras clave
amebíase, diagnóstico, Entamoeba histolytica


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Abstract
Amebiasis is a parasitic infection caused by protozoa Entamoeba histolytica and represents a serious health problem in areas where hygiene conditions and treatment of water supply are unsatisfactory. An estimate suggests that approximately 500 million people are infected globally each year and that up to 100 000 deaths per year can be attributed to complications caused by amebiasis. The laboratory diagnosis of amebiasis is performed by traditional light microscopy by demonstrating cysts and/or trophozoites in faeces. However, its ability to detect interspecies variation within E. histolytica, Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba moshkovskii species is limited, making a presumptive diagnosis impossible. Immunological methods used to search for anti-E. histolytica antibodies are able to distinguish the species E. histolytica, E. dispar and E. moshkovskii species, although false-positive and false-negative results could be provided. Similarly, the search for specific antigens by immunologic tools is limited. Chain reaction polymerase is the method of choice for amebiasis diagnosis, however new methodologies were employed to make an amebiasis diagnosis and have been giving promising results. Similarly, real time PCR and magnetic beads-based technologies were used for amebiasis diagnosis and have demonstrated an excellent performance. Despite the advances in laboratory amebiasis diagnosis over the years, it is necessary to develop cheaper methodologies that are specific to the E. histolytica and which can be used in clinical laboratories worldwide to replace the obsolete methodologies used currently.

Key words
amebiasis, diagnosis, Entamoeba histolytica


Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos de Iberoamérica >
página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Diagnóstico por Laboratorio, Infectología
Relacionadas: Bioquímica, Epidemiología, Salud Pública



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