REVISION ACTUALIZADA DEL VIRUS DE LA HEPATITIS E

La consideración de la hepatitis E en los países desarrollados como una zoonosis supone un giro conceptual que hace necesario revisar esta entidad desde una perspectiva distinta.

Autor:
María Teresa Pérez Gracia
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera

Artículos publicados por María Teresa Pérez Gracia

Recepción del artículo
10 de Mayo, 2006

Aprobación
26 de Julio, 2006

Primera edición
2 de Agosto, 2007

Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

REVISION ACTUALIZADA DEL VIRUS DE LA HEPATITIS E

Resumen
La hepatitis E ha sido considerada desde su primera descripción como una enfermedad con un patrón epidemiológico vinculado con el consumo de agua y alimentos contaminados, de modo similar a la hepatitis A, y con una prevalencia superior en zonas geográficas con condiciones sociosanitarias deficientes. La introducción de técnicas moleculares aportó los datos necesarios para demostrar que en los países desarrollados la infección por el virus de la hepatitis E es frecuente, tiene carácter autóctono y un patrón epidemiológico distinto, asociada al contacto con animales domésticos, especialmente el cerdo. La consideración de la hepatitis E en los países desarrollados como una zoonosis supone un giro conceptual interesante que hace necesario revisar esta entidad clínica desde una perspectiva distinta de la que se venía utilizando. Esta revisión resume el conocimiento actual en la biología, la estructura y la transmisión del virus, así como el diagnóstico de la infección, y describe el estado actual en áreas con una incidencia baja de hepatitis aguda E y el papel de los animales como vectores potenciales del virus.

Palabras clave
hepatitis E, virus hepatitis E, zoonosis

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Update on Information Regarding Hepatitis E Virus

Abstract
Hepatitis E infection has been considered from its first description as a disease with an epidemiologic pattern related to the consumption of waste water and contaminated food, similarly to hepatitis A infection. Hepatitis E prevalence is higher in poor sanitary conditioned areas. The use of molecular techniques has contributed to obtain valuable information about the epidemiology of hepatitis E in developed countries. In these areas, hepatitis E virus infection shows a different pattern, and it has been linked to the contact with domestic animals, especially pigs. The role of hepatitis E in industrialized countries as a possible zoonosis implies a new and interesting approach of this disease. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the biology, structure and transmission of the virus as well as the diagnosis of the infection. Additionally, this review describes the current status of HE infection in areas with a low incidence of acute hepatitis E and the role of animals as potential reservoirs for HEV.

Key words
hepatitis E, hepatitis E virus, zoonosis

Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos de Iberoamérica >
página www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Infectología
Relacionadas: Bioquímica, Diagnóstico por Laboratorio, Epidemiología, Gastroenterología, Inmunología, Medicina Interna, Salud Pública

Enviar correspondencia a:
María Teresa Pérez Gracia, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, 46113, Seminario s/n, Moncada, España

Patrocinio y reconocimiento:
Este trabajo ha sido posible gracias a los proyectos financiados por la Generalitat Valenciana (GV05/132), Escuela Valenciana para Estudios de la Salud (Consellería de Sanidad, 053/2005) y la Universidad Cardenal Herrera CEU (PRUCH 04/8 y PRUCH 06/21).

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