Bibliografía del artículo
1. Trías I, Algaba F, Condom E y col. Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Presentation of 23 cases and review of 134 published cases. Eur Urol 2001; 39:85-90.
2. Blomjous CEM, Vos W, De Voogt HJ, Van der Valk P, Meijer CJLM. Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. A clinicopathologic, morphologic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of 18 cases. Cancer 1989; 64:1347-57.
3. Holmang S, Borghede G, Johansson SL. Primary small cell carcinoma of the bladder: a report of 25 cases. J Urol 1995; 153:1820-2.
4. Sved P, Gómez P, Manoharan M, Civantos F, Soloway MS. Small cell carcinoma of the bladder. B J U Int 2004; 94:12-7.
5. Abbas F, Civantos F, Benedetto P, Soloway MS. Small cell carcinoma of the bladder and prostate. Urology 1995; 46:617-30.
6. Ali SZ, Reuter VE, Zakowski MF. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary bladder. A clinicopathologic study with emphasis on cytologic features. Cancer 1997; 79:356-61.
7. Pearse A. The cytochemistry and ultrastructure of polypeptide hormone-producing cells of the APUD series and the embryologic, physiologic, and pathologic implications of the concepts. J Histochem Cytochem 1969; 17:303-13.
8. Christopher ME, Seftel AD, Sorenson K, Resnick M. Small cell carcinoma of the genitourinary tract: an immunohistochemical, electron microscopic and clinicopathological study. J Urol 1991; 146:382-8.
9. Terracciano L, Richter J, Tornillo L, y col. Chromosomal imbalances in small cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder. J Pathol 1999; 189:230-5.
10. Cheng L, Jones TD, McCarthy RP, y col. Molecular genetic evidence for a common clonal origin of urinary bladder small cell carcinoma and coexisting urothelial carcinoma. Am J Pathol 2005; 166:1533-9.
11. Atkin NB, Baker MC, Wilson GD. Chromosome abnormalities and p53 expression in a small cell carcinoma of the bladder. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1995; 79:111-4.
12. Grignon DJ, Ro JY, Ayala AG, y col. Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. A clinicopathologic analysis of 22 cases. Cancer 1992; 69:527-36.
13. Lohrisch C, Murray N, Pickles T. Sullivan L. Small cell carcinoma of the bladder: long term outcome with integrated chemoradiation. Cancer 1999; 86:2346-52.
14. Angulo JC, López JI, Sánchez Chapado M, y col. Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladdder. A report of two cases with complete remission and a comprehensive literature review with emphasis on therapeutic decisions. J Urol Pathol 1996; 5:1-19.
15. The World Health Organization histological typing of lung tumours. Second edition. Am J Clin Pathol. 1982; 77:123-36.
16. Acs G, Gupta PK, Baloch ZW. Cytomorphology of high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary tract. Diagn Cytopathol 2000; 23:92-6.
17. Kim CK, Lin JI, Tseng CH. Small cell carcinoma of urinary bladder. An ultrastructural study. Urology 1984; 24:384-6.
18. Ordóñez NG, Khorsand J, Ayala AG, Sneige N. Oat cell carcinoma of the urinary tract. An immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study. Cancer 1986; 58:2519-30.
19. Oesterling JE, Brendler CB, Burgers JK, Marshall FF, Epstein JI. Advanced small cell carcinoma of the bladder. Successful treatment with combined radical cystoprostatectomy and adjuvant methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cysplatin chemotherapy. Cancer 1990; 65:1928-36.
20. Mills SE, Wolf JT 3rd, Weiss MA, y col. Small cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the urinary bladder. A light microscopic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of 12 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1987; 11:606-17.
21. Shin HJC, Caraway NP. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of metastatic small cell carcinoma from extrapulmonary sites. Diagn Cytopathol 1998; 19:177-81.
22. Iczkowski KA, Shanks JH, Allsbrook WC, y col. Small cell carcinoma of urinary bladder is differentiated from urothelial carcinoma by chromogranin expression, absence of CD44 variant 6 expression, a unique pattern of cytokeratin expression, and more intense g -enolase expression. Histopathology 1999; 35:150-6.
23. Cheng C, Nicholson A, Lowe DG, Kirby RS. Oat cell carcinoma of urinary bladder. Urology 1992; 39:504-7.
24. Iczkowski KA, Shanks JH, Bostwick DG. Loss of CD44 variant 6 expression differentiates small cell carcinoma of urinary bladder from urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma. Histopathology 1998; 32:322-7.
25. Di Pietro M, Zeman RK, Kehoane M, Rosenfield AT. Oat cell carcinoma metastatic to ureter. Urology 1983; 22:419-20.
26. Anderson NE, Rosemblum MK, Graus F, Wiley RG, Posner JB. Autoantibodies in paraneoplastic syndromes associated with small-cell lung cancer. Neurology 1988; 38:1391-8.
27. Partanen S, Asikainen U. Oat cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder with ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone production. Hum Pathol 1985; 16:313-5.
28. Reyes CV, Soneru I. Small cell carcinoma with hypercalcemia. Cancer 1985; 56:2530-33.
29. Choong NW, Quevedo JF, Kaur JS. Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. The Mayo Clinic experience. Cancer 2005; 103:1172-8.
30. Mackey JR, Au HJ, Hugh J, Venner P. Genitourinary small cell carcinoma: determination of clinical and therapeutic factors associated with survival. J Urol 1998; 159:1624-9.
31. Bex A, Nieuwenhuijzen JA, Kerst M, y col. Small cell carcinoma of bladder: a single-center prospective study of 25 cases treated in analogy to small cell lung cancer. Urology 2005; 65:295-9.
32. Ripa Saldías L, Delpón Pérez E, Fernández Rosáenz J, Córdoba Iturriagagoitia A, Monzón Muñoz FJ, Ruiz de Azúa Ciria Y. Carcinoma de células pequeñas de vejiga. Aportación de un nuevo caso. Actas Urol Esp 1997; 21:495-500.
33. Siefker-Radtke AO, Dinney CP, Abrahams NA, y col. Evidence supporting preoperative chemotherapy for small cell carcinoma of the bladder: a retrospective review of the M. D. Anderson cancer experience. J Urol 2004; 172:481-4.
34. López JI, Angulo JC, Flores N, Toledo JD. Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. A clinicopathological study of six cases. Br J Urol 1994; 73:43-9.
35. Cruz Guerra NA, Fradejas Rodríguez A, Zamora Martínez T, del Valle Manteca A, Tinajas Saldaña A, Tarroc Blanco A. Carcinoma vesical infiltrante de células pequeñas. Descripción de un nuevo caso tratado con cirugía radical más quimioterapia. Arch Esp Urol 2004; 57:854-6.
36. Cheng D, Unger P, Forscher CA, Fine E. Successful treatment of metastatic small cell carcinoma of the bladder with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin therapy. J Urol 1995; 153:417-9.
37. Nejat RJ, Purohit R, Goluboff ET, Petrylak D, Rubin MA, Benson MC. Cure of undifferentiated small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder with M-VAC chemotherapy. Urol Oncol 2001; 6:53-5.
38. Walther PJ. Adjuvant/ neoadjuvant etoposide/ cisplatin and cystectomy for management of invasive small cell carcinoma of the bladder. J Urol 2002; 167 Suppl:285.
39. Podesta AH, True LD. Small cell carcinoma of the bladder: report of five cases with immunohistochemistry and review of the literature with evaluation of prognosis according to stage. Cancer 1989; 64:710-4.
40. Helpap B. Morphology and therapeutic strategies for neuroendocrine tumours of the genitourinary tract. Cancer 2002; 95:1415-20.
41. Bastús R, Caballero JM, González G, y col. Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy: results in five cases. Eur Urol 1999; 35:323-6.
42. Noda K, Nishiwaki Y, Kawahara M, y col. Irinotecan plus cisplatin compared with etoposide plus cisplatin for extensive small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:85-91.
43. Oblon DJ, Parsons JT, Zander DS, Wajsman Z. Bladder preservation and durable complete remission of small cell carcinoma of the bladder with systemic chemotherapy and adjuvant radiation therapy. Cancer 1993; 71:2581-4.
44. Muñoz Vélez D, García-Miralles Grávalos R, Amengual Antich I, Benejam Gual JM. Carcinoma vesical de células pequeñas. Aportación de un nuevo caso y revisión de la literatura. Actas Urol Esp 2002; 26:811-5.