DESTACAN LA IMPORTANCIA DEL ANGULO DE LA EPISIOTOMIA

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Actualmente se recomienda que el ángulo de incisión de la episiotomía mediolateral sea de al menos 60° y en dirección de la tuberosidad isquial.
Autor:
Vladimir Kalis
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Charles University


Artículos publicados por Vladimir Kalis
Coautores
Robert Zemcik* Zdenek Rusavy** Jaroslava Karbanova** Magdalena Jansova* Milena Kralickova** Zdenek Novotny** 
University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, República Checa*
Charles University, Praga, República Checa**
Recepción del artículo
31 de Diciembre, 2010
Aprobación
12 de Julio, 2011
Primera edición
11 de Octubre, 2011
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
La metodología de los estudios que evalúan el papel de la episiotomía mediolateral carecen de la calidad necesaria y no puede extraerse actualmente de ellos conclusión alguna acerca del traumatismo perineal grave y la incontinencia anal. Se identificaron cuatro problemas: la definición y la ejecución práctica de la episiotomía mediolateral, y el diagnóstico y clasificación del traumatismo perineal. La definición y ejecución de la episiotomía mediolateral difieren ampliamente entre las distintas instituciones y los distintos individuos. El problema principal es la precisión de la dirección elegida. Se introdujeron tres términos: ángulo de incisión, de sutura y de cicatrización de episiotomía. Anteriormente, la episiotomía mediolateral se definía por un ángulo de incisión mínimo de 40°. Sin embargo, cuando se incide a 40°, el ángulo mediano luego de la reparación era de 20°, mientras que el ángulo de cicatrización era de 30° en los casos de desgarros de tercer grado frente a 38° en los controles. Al usar un ángulo de incisión de 60°, el ángulo mediano de sutura fue de 45° y el de cicatrización de 48°. Actualmente se propone que la episiotomía mediolateral se defina como "una incisión en el perineo durante la última parte de la segunda etapa del trabajo de parto, que comienza en el perineo medial pero se dirige lateralmente en un ángulo de al menos 60° en dirección de la tuberosidad isquial". Se requieren más investigaciones para evaluar la seguridad de este ángulo de incisión.

Palabras clave
definición, episiotomía mediolateral, ángulo de episiotomía, traumatismo perineal, incontinencia anal


Artículo completo

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Extensión:  +/-9.66 páginas impresas en papel A4
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Abstract
Methodology in studies assessing the role of mediolateral episiotomy lacks currently required quality and no clear conclusion can be drawn at present concerning severe perineal trauma and anal incontinence. Four problems were identified: definition and practical execution of mediolateral episiotomy, and diagnostics and classification of perineal trauma.
The definition and execution of mediolateral episiotomy differ widely between institutions and individuals. The main problem is precision of the intended direction.
Three terms were introduced: incision, suture and scar angles of episiotomy. Formerly, the lower limit of 40° was calculated for the definition of mediolateral episiotomy. However, when cut at 40°, the median angle after repair was 20° while the mean scar angle measured 30° in cases with third degree tear compared to 38° in controls.
When an incision angle of 60° was used, the median suture angle was 45° and the scar angle 48°. It is now proposed to define mediolateral episiotomy as "an incision of the perineum during the last part of the second stage of labor beginning in the perineal midline but directed laterally at an angle of at least 60° in the direction of ischial tuberosity." Further research is needed to evaluate the safety of this incision angle.



Motto: "There is no indication that the debates concerning episiotomy will be resolved soon. However, we can hope that better designed scientific studies will be conducted to target the important issues and provide one answer at a time. This will help guide our direction instead of moving in circles and repeating the errors of the past." (Delancey JO).1

Key words
definition, mediolateral episiotomy, angle of episiotomy, perineal trauma, anal incontinence


Full text
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Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos del Mundo >
página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Obstetricia y Ginecología
Relacionadas: Anestesiología, Cirugía, Enfermería, Medicina Familiar



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Enviar correspondencia a:
Vladimir Kalis, Charles University Faculty of Medicine University Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 304 60, Alej Svobody 80, Praga, República Checa
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