HEPATITE C: ¿TRANSMISSAO SEXUAL OU INTRAFAMILIAR?

(especial para SIIC © Derechos reservados)
A revisão discute os trabalhos que envolvem o contato sexual e intrafamiliar do caso index portador do VHC.
cavalheiro9_o1410.jpg Autor:
Norma De Paula Cavalheiro
Columnista Experta de SIIC

Institución:
University of São Paulo


Artículos publicados por Norma De Paula Cavalheiro
Recepción del artículo
22 de Junio, 2010
Aprobación
29 de Septiembre, 2012
Primera edición
15 de Octubre, 2012
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
O papel e a rota da provável (El papel y la vía de la posible) transmissão sexual do vírus da hepatite C (VHC) ainda são controversos e devemos (aún son controvertidos y debemos) considerar várias circunstâncias que poderiam interferir na aquisição da doença (que podrían interferir en la adquisición de la enfermedad); dentro deste contexto o tempo de convivência com parceiro sabidamente (el tiempo de convivencia con una pareja confirmada como) VHC positivo, a presença de partículas virais nas secreções (la presencia de partículas virales en las secreciones) humanas; sêmen, saliva e sangue menstrual (y sangre menstrual), número de parceiros, sexo pago, homens que fazem sexo com (que tienen sexo con) homens, traumas durante a relação, história de doenças (antecedentes de enfermedades) sexualmente transmissíveis, infecção prévia pelo (previa por el) VIH, etc. A rota de transmissão de homem para mulher (La vía de transmisión del hombre hacia la mujer) parece ser mais favorável que de mulher para homem. A discussão sobre os riscos (La discusión acerca de los riesgos) de transmissão sexual do VHC quando existe um caso índex no domicilio (un caso índice en el hogar), se confundem com o convívio familiar (con la convivencia familiar), especialmente quando se considera o compartilhamento de utensílios (comparten los utensilios) de higiene pessoal, em destaque os que apresentam (con relieve para los que preentan) riscos de exposição parenteral, por exemplo, a lâmina de barbear (la hoja de afeitar), cortadores de unhas, alicates de manicure e escova de dente (cepillo de dientes). Os trabalhos recentes focam os riscos de transmissão sexual do VHC nas relações que envolvem traumas e os (en las relaciones que involucran traumas y los) pacientes que apresentam a infecção prévia pelo HIV. A população de homens que fazem sexo com homens também foi alvo de grande número de pesquisas (también fue blanco de un gran número de investigaciones). O perfil epidemiológico da Hepatite C está em pleno movimento alterando rotas de distribuição e transmissão do vírus. Este novo perfil interfere nas ações de prevenção da doença e pode definir quais grupos (en las acciones de prevención de la enfermedad y puede definir cuáles son los grupos) populacionais devem ser assistidos com prioridade.

Palabras clave
hepatite C, transmissão, sexual, intrafamiliar


Artículo completo

(castellano)
Extensión:  +/-7.86 páginas impresas en papel A4
Exclusivo para suscriptores/assinantes

Abstract
The likely route of the sexual transmission of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is still controversial. We consider the various circumstances that could affect the acquisition of the disease such as: 1) the time of living with a partner known to be HCV positive; 2) the presence of viral particles in human secretions, sperm, saliva and menstrual blood; 3) the number of partners; 4) men who have sex with men, and 5) trauma during intercourse, etc. The route of transmission from men to women seems to be more favourable than from woman to man. Also the history of sexually transmitted diseases and prior infection with HIV are important. We discuss the risks of sexual transmission of HCV in the home where personal hygiene items are shared by individuals who are thereby at risk of exposure via razors, nail clippers, and toothbrushes, for example. Recent work has focused on the probable sexual transmission of HCV in relationships that involve trauma and on patients who have been infected with HIV. The population of men who have sex with men are targeted by a large number studies. The HCV epidemiological profile depends on changing routes of distribution and transmission of the virus. Our new profile affects the prevention of disease and can determine which population groups should be assisted with priority.

Key words
hepatitis C, transmission, sexual, intrafamilial


Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos de Iberoamérica >
página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Epidemiología, Infectología
Relacionadas: Atención Primaria, Bioquímica, Diagnóstico por Laboratorio, Gastroenterología, Medicina Familiar, Medicina Interna



Comprar este artículo
Extensión: 7.86 páginas impresas en papel A4

file05.gif (1491 bytes) Artículos seleccionados para su compra



Enviar correspondencia a:
Norma de Paula Cavalheiro, University of São Paulo, 05403-000, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 500, 1 andar, sala 12, São Paulo, Brasil
Bibliografía del artículo
1. Cavalheiro NP, De la Rosa A, Elagin S, Tengan FM, Araújo ESA, Barone AA. Hepatitis C: sexual or intrafamilial transmission? Epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis C vírus in 24 infected couples. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 42(3):239-44, 2009.
2. Cavalheiro NP. Review - Sexual transmission of Hepatitis C. Rev Inst Med Trop S Paulo 49(5):271-7, 2007.
3. Cavalheiro NP, De la Rosa A, Elagin S, Tengan FM, Barone AA. Hepatitis C: molecular and epidemiological evidence of mele-to-female transmission. Braz J Infect Dis. No prelo 2010.
4. Carvalho-Melo IMVG, Medeiros-Filho JE, Gomes-Gouveia MS e col. Molecular evidence of horizontal transmission of hepatitis C vírus within couples. J Gen Virol 91:691-6, 2010.
5. Shannon K, Kerr T, Marshall B, Li K, Zhang R, Strathdee SA, e col. Survival sex work involvement as a primary risk factor for hepatitis C virus acquisition in drug-using youths in a Canadian setting. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 164(1):61-5, 2010.
6. Fialho M, Messias M, Page-Shafer K, e col. Prevalence and risk of blood-borne and sexually transmitted viral infections in incarcerated youth in Salvador, Brazil: Opportunity and obligation for intervention. AIDS Behav 12:S17-S24, 2008.
7. Scott C, Day S, Low E, Sullivan A, Atkins M, Asboe D. Unselected hepatitis C screening of men who have sex with men attending sexual health clinics. J Infect 60:351-3, 2010.
8. Urbanus AT, van de Laar TJ, Stolte IG, e col. Hepatitis C virus infections among HIV-infected men who have sex with men: an expanding epidemic. AIDS 23:F1-F7, 2009.
9. Jim F, Prestage GP, Matthews G, e col. Prevalence, incidence and risk factors for hepatitis C in homosexual men: data from two cohorts of HIV-negative and HIV-positive men in Sydney, Australia. Sex Transm Infect 86:25-8, 2010.
10. Cotte L, Quetron PC, Schlienger I, e col. Sexually transmitted HCV infection and reinfection in HIV-infected homosexual men. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 33:977-80, 2009.
11. Ghosn J, Thibault V, Delaugerre C, e col. Sexually transmitted hepatitis C virus superinfection in HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infected men who have sex with men. Research Letter. AIDS 22:653-61, 2008.
12. Giraudon I, Ruf M, Naguire H, e col. Increase in diagnosed newly acquired hepatitis C in HIV-positive men have sex with men across London and Brighton, 2002-2006: it is an outbreak? Sex Transm Infect 84:111-5, 2008.
13. Ruf M, Cohuet S, Maguire H, e col. Setting up an enhanced surveillance of newly acquired hepatitis C infection in men who have sex with men: A pilot in London and South East Region of England. EUROSURVEILLANCE 13.Issue 47. www.eurosurveillance.org; 2008.
14. Palacios R, Mata R, Aguilar I, e col. High seroprevalence but low incidence of HCV infection in a cohort of patients with sexually transmitted HIV in Andalusia, Spain. J Int Assoc Phisic AIDS Care (Chic III) 8:100, 2009.
15. Raí RR, Mathur A, Mathur D, e col. Trop Gastroenterol 28(1):19-23, 2007.
16. Thomson EC, Main J. Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-infected individuals. Review. J Viral Hepat 15:773-81, 2008.
17. Hyder Q, Burhan-ul-Hag M, Rashid R, Qazi S, Mehmood S, Hadi SF. Non-conventional transmission of hepatitis C: a true possibility ignored. J Pak Med Assoc 59(7):430-3, 2009.
18. Castillo I, Bartolomé J, Quiroga JA, Barril G, Carreño V. Hepatits C virus infection in the family setting of patients with occult hepatitis C. J Med Virol 81:1198-1203, 2009.
19. Aykin N, Cevik F, Demirturk N, Demirdal T, Orhan S, Naz H. Anti-HCV positivity in sexual partners and offspring of patients with chronic Hepatitis C. Scand J Infect Dis 40(6-7):533-7, 2008.
20. Indolfi G, Bartolini E, Azzari C, e col. Intrafamilial transmission of Hepatitis C vírus: Infection of the father predicts the risk of perinatal transmission. J Med Virol 80:1907-11, 2008.
21. De Waure C, Cefalo C, Chiaradia G, e col. Intrafamilial transmission of Hepatitis C virus in Italy: A systematic review. J Epidemiol Community Health, No prelo. 2009.
22. Daniels D, Grytdal S, Wasley A., Centers for Diseases Control and prevention (CDC). Surveillance for acute viral hepatitis-United States, 2007. MMWR Surveill Summ 22,58(3):1-27, 2009.
23. Wasley A, Grytdal S, Gallagher K. Surveillance for acute viral hepatitis-United States 2006. MMWR March 21 57(SS02);1-24, 2008.

24. Russel M, Chen M-J, Nochajski TH, Testa M, Zimmerman SJ, Hughes P. Risk sexual behavior, bleeding caused by intimate partner violence, and hepatitis C infection in patients of a sexually transmitted disease clinic. Am J Public Health 99 Suppl 1:S173, 2009.
25. Duberg A, Janson R, Back E, Ekdahl K, Blaxhult A, Eurosurveillance and outbreak reports. The epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection in Sweden. Eurosurveillance. 2008;13 Issue 4-6, www.eurosurveillance.org.
26. Brouard C, Pradat P, Delarocque-Astagneau E, Silvain C. Epidemiological characteristics and medical follow-up of 61 patients with acute hepatitis C identified through the hepatitis C surveillance system in France and the Hepatitis C Survillance System Steering Committee. Epidemiol Infect 136:988-96, 2008.
27. Janjua NZ, Hamza HB, Islam M, Tirmizi SFA, Siddiqui A, Jafri W, Hamid S. Health cara risk factors among women and personal behaviours among men explain the high prevalence of hepatitis C vírus infection in Karachi, Pakistan. J Viral Hepat 17:317-26, 2010.
28. Orlando R, Lirussi F. Hepatitis C vírus infection: Sexual or non-sexual transmission between spouses? A case report and review of the literature. Infection 35:465-8, 2007.
29. Cavalheiro NP, Santos ACO, Melo CE, Morimitsu SR, Barone AA. Hepatitis C vírus detection in the sêmen of infected patients. Braz J Infect Dis 12(5):358-61, 2008.
30. Briat A, Dulioust E, Galimand J, e col. Hepatitis C virus in the semen of men coinfected with HIV-1: prevalence and origin. AIDS 19:1827-35, 2005.
31. Tiftikçi A, Atug O, Tozun N. Awareness of hepatitis C vírus transmission routes among patients, their household contacts and health cara staff: Does perception match the reality? Turk J Gastroenterol 20(2):104-7, 2009.
32. Qureshi H, Arif A, Riaz K, Alam SE, Ahmed W, Mujeeb SA. Short Report. Determination of risk factors for hepatitis B and C in male patients suffering from chronic hepatitis. BMC Research Notes 2:212, 2009. http://biomedcentral.com/1756-0500/2/212.
33. Qureshi H, Arif A, Ahmed W, Alam SE. HCV exposure in spouses of the index cases. J Pak Med Assoc 57:175, 2007.
34. Bessa M, Rodart IF, Menezes GBL, Carmo TMA. Athanazio DA, Reis MG. Limited evidence of HCV transmission in stable heterosexual couples from Bahia, Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis 13(4):262-5, 2009.
35. De Jesús-Caraballo J, Toro DH, Rodríguez-Perez F, e col. Sexual activity as a risk factor for hepatitis C in Puerto Rico. Bol Asoc Méd P R 100(3):15-20, 2008.
36. Roman F, Hawotte K, Struck D, e col. Hepatitis C virus genotypes distribuition and transmission risk factors in Luxembourg from 1991 to 2006. World Gastroenterol 14(8):1237-43, 2008.
37. Maheshwari A, Ray S, Thuluvath PJ. Acute hepatitis C. Lancet 372 Issue 9635:321-32, 2008.
38. Pancholi PM. Sexual transmission of Hepatitis C: A review. East Afr Med J 84(4):188-93, 2007.
39. Kamal SM. Acute hepatitis C: A systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol 103:1283-97, 2008.
40. Plancoulaine S, Mohamed MK, Arafa N. Dissection of familial correlations in hepatitis C virus (HCV) seroprevalence suggests intrafamilial viral transmission and genetic predisposition to infection. Gut 57:1268-74, 2008.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Está expresamente prohibida la redistribución y la redifusión de todo o parte de los contenidos de la Sociedad Iberoamericana de Información Científica (SIIC) S.A. sin previo y expreso consentimiento de SIIC.
ua31618