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PARACETAMOL DURANTE EL EMBARAZO Y RIESGO DE AUTISMO EN LA DESCENDENCIA
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TERATOGENESIS: ORIGENES, IMPLICANCIAS Y ABORDAJE ASISTENCIAL

(especial para SIIC © Derechos reservados)
Los efectos teratogénicos de los medicamentos y de otros agentes originan defectos estructurales en el feto. Las complicaciones derivadas de los teratógenos pueden prevenirse, por lo que se debe crear conciencia en los profesionales de la salud involucrados con pacientes en riesgo.
Autor:
Harry Pachajoa
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Fundación Valle del Lili


Artículos publicados por Harry Pachajoa
Coautor
Ángela María Gutiérrez Obando* 
Médica, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia*

Resumen
Objetivo: Ofrecer a los profesionales de la salud una revisión de la evidencia científica sobre el enfoque diagnóstico y de tratamiento de mujeres embarazadas y niños expuestos prenatalmente a agentes teratogénicos, incluyendo medicamentos, sustancias psicoactivas, agentes infecciosos y trastornos maternos. Metodología: Describir los principios de la teratología; su definición, criterios diagnósticos y enfoque inicial, y revisar las principales embriopatías causadas por teratógenos. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en PubMed, The Cochrane Library, OVID, Science Direct y en la Practice Guidelines Internacional Network de los artículos publicados en inglés o español entre los años 2005 y 2025, con las siguientes palabras clave (Mesh): “Teratogen”; “Diagnostics”; “Pregnancy”; “Treatment”. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: revisiones sistemáticas, metanálisis y series de casos con metodología de medicina basada en la evidencia, con homogeneidad y claridad en las recomendaciones seleccionadas. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 91 publicaciones que cumplieron los criterios de búsqueda. De ellos, 55 reportes que estaban relacionados con diferentes embriopatías ocasionadas por teratógenos y 26 guías y revisiones sistemáticas. Al final, se excluyeron 10 artículos porque sus conclusiones no eran definitivas. El 100% de los casos presentaron complicaciones relacionadas con el sistema nervioso central; otros sistemas afectados fueron el cardiovascular y el osteomuscular. Los mecanismos de teratogénesis incluyeron alteraciones de vías de señalización, estrés oxidativo, disrupción vascular, desregulación endocrina, antagonismo del folato, interferencia con la apoptosis programada y alteración de la replicación, migración y diferenciación celular. Conclusión: Los efectos teratogénicos de los medicamentos y de otros agentes originan defectos estructurales en el feto. Las complicaciones derivadas de los teratógenos pueden prevenirse, por lo que se debe crear conciencia en los profesionales de la salud involucrados con pacientes en riesgo.

Palabras clave
teratógenos, anomalías inducidas por medicamentos, embarazo, defectos estructurales en el feto, embriopatías


Artículo completo

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Extensión:  +/-11.99 páginas impresas en papel A4
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Abstract
Objective: To provide healthcare professionals with a review of the diagnostic and treatment approach in pregnant women and children prenatally exposed to teratogenic agents, including medications, psychoactive substances, infectious agents, and maternal disorders. Methodology: The principles of teratology, its definition, diagnostic criteria, and initial approach are described, in addition to a review of the main embryopathies caused by teratogens. A literature review was conducted in PubMed, The Cochrane Library, OVID, Science Direct, and the Practice Guidelines International Network of articles published in English and Spanish between 2005 and 2025, using the following keywords (Mesh): “Teratogen”; “Diagnostics”; ‘Pregnancy’; “Treatment.” Inclusion criteria: systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and case series with evidence-based medicine methodology, with consistency and clarity in the selected recommendations. Results: 91 publications that met the search criteria were included. 55 reports related to different embryopathies caused by teratogens and 26 guidelines and systematic reviews were identified. Ten articles were ultimately excluded because their conclusions were inconclusive. One hundred percent of the cases presented complications related to the central nervous system; other systems most affected were the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems. The mechanisms of teratogenesis identified in the literature included alterations in signaling pathways, oxidative stress, vascular disruption, endocrine dysregulation, folate antagonism, interference with programmed apoptosis, and disruptions in cellular replication, migration, and differentiation, as well as mutations, chromosomal abnormalities, mitotic errors, and nucleic acid damage. Conclusion: The teratogenic effects of medications and other agents result in structural defects in the fetus. Complications arising from teratogens may be preventable, so awareness should be raised among healthcare professionals involved with at-risk patients.

Key words
teratogens, drug-induced anomalies, pregnancy, structural defects in the fetus, embryopathies


Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos de Iberoamérica >
página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Bioquímica, Obstetricia y Ginecología
Relacionadas: Anatomía Patológica, Atención Primaria, Medicina Reproductiva, Neurología, Pediatría



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Enviar correspondencia a:
Harry Pachajoa, Fundación Valle del Lili Universidad ICESI, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Centro de Investigaciones en Anomalías Congénitas y Enfermedades Raras Anomalías Congénitas y Enfermedades Raras, Cali, Colombia
Bibliografía del artículo
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