Suscriptores   Asóciese  
Textos Completos Autorizados
QUIMIOTERAPIA DEL CANCER COLORRECTAL

v-estudie-lo-mejor.gif
Expertos Invitados





QUIMIOTERAPIA DEL CANCER COLORRECTAL

(especial para SIIC © Derechos reservados)
Los fármacos administrados en forma oral poseen eficacia equivalente al tratamiento adyuvante estándar con 5-FU/LV pero son más convenientes y seguros. La quimioterapia asociada entre el oxaliplatino y el 5-FU demostró ser superior al 5-FU/LV como adyuvante en el cáncer de colon de estadio III.
sunwe9.jpg Autor:
Weijing Sun
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Cancer Center University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, USA

Artículos publicados por Weijing Sun
Recepción del artículo
21 de Septiembre, 2004 		Primera edición
1 de Junio, 2005 		Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

QUIMIOTERAPIA DEL CANCER COLORRECTAL

Resumen
En los últimos años se han obtenido avances importantes en la quimioterapia del cáncer colorrectal (CRC), una de las neoplasias más frecuentes del tracto gastrointestinal, tanto en el tratamiento de la enfermedad metastásica como en la terapia adyuvante. Después de las casi 4 décadas en las que el 5-fluoruracilo (5-FU) fuera el único agente quimioterápico disponible, el desarrollo de los agentes citotóxicos irinotecán y oxaliplatino mejoró significativamente los resultados terapéuticos y la supervivencia de los pacientes con CRC. Las fluoropirimidinas orales mostraron no sólo una eficacia comparable al 5-FU intravenoso sino también menor toxicidad general, lo que permitió obtener dichos resultados de manera menos dramática en estos pacientes. El bevacizumab, un anticuerpo monoclonal contra el receptor del factor de crecimiento epidérmico ha sido recientemente introducido para el tratamiento del CRC.

Palabras clave
Cáncer colorrectal, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, bevacizumab, cetuximab, capecitabina


Artículo completo
(castellano)
Extensión:  +/-15.72 páginas impresas en papel A4
Exclusivo para suscriptores/assinantes

CHEMOTHERAPY OF COLORECTAL CANCER

Abstract
In the past several years, tremendous advances have been achieved in the chemotherapy of colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most common gastrointestinal tract malignancies worldwide, at the settings of both metastatic disease treatment and adjuvant therapy. After near 4 decades of having 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as the only available systemic chemotherapy agent, the development of new cytotoxic agents, irinotecan and oxaliplatin, have significantly improved the overall outcome and survival of CRC patients. The oral fluoropyrimidines have shown not only the equivalent efficacy compared to the intravenous 5-FU, but also less overall toxicities and more convenient. A dramatic accomplishment has been demonstrated in the therapy of patients with CRC with novel biological agents. Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cetuxmab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor have been introduced to the treatment of CRC.

Key words
Colorectal cancer, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, bevacizumab, cetuximab, capecitabine


Full text
(english)
 para suscriptores/ assinantes
Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos del Mundo >
página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Oncología
Relacionadas: Farmacología, Gastroenterología, Medicina Farmacéutica, Medicina Interna



Comprar este artículo
Extensión: 15.72 páginas impresas en papel A4

file05.gif (1491 bytes) Artículos seleccionados para su compra



Enviar correspondencia a:
Sun, Weijing
Bibliografía del artículo
  1. Jemal A, Tiwari RC, Murray T, et al. Cancer Statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 54:8-29, 2004.
  2. Ries LA, Eisner MP, Kosary CL et al. (Eds) SEER Cancer statistic review, 1973–1997. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 2000.
  3. Macdonald JS Adjuvant therapy of colon cancer. CA Cancer J Clin, 49(4), 202–219, 1999.
  4. Hedrick EE, Hurwitz H, Sarkar S, et al. Post-progression therapy (PPT) effect on survival in AVF2107, a phase III trial of bevacizumab in first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). J Clin Oncol 22 (14S):249s (A3517), 2004.
  5. Andre T, Boni C, Mounedji-Boudiaf L, et al. Oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as adjuvant treatment for colon cancer. N Engl J Med 350:2344-2351, 2004
  6. Saltz LB, Cox JV, Blanke CB, et al: Irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. New Eng J Med. 343:905-914, 2000.
  7. Douillard JY, Cunningham D, Roth AD et al: Irinotecan combined with fluorouracil compared with fluorouracil alone as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicenter randomized trial. Lancet. 355:1041-1047, 2000.
  8. Rothenberg ML, Oza AM, Bigelow RH, et al. Superiority of oxaliplatin and fluorouracil-leucovorin compared with either therapy alone in patients with progressive colorectal cancer after irinotecan and fluorouracil-leucovorin: interim results of a phase III trial. J Clin Oncol. 21:2059-2069, 2003.
  9. Goldberg RM, Sargent DJ, Morton RF, et al. A randomized controlled trial of fluorouracil plus leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin combinations in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 22:23-30, 2004.
  10. Rothenberg ML, Meropol NJ, Poplin EA, Van Cutsem E, Wadler S Mortality associated with irinotecan plus bolus fluorouracil/leucovorin: summary finding of an independent panel. J Clin Oncol, 19(18):3801–3807, 2001.
  11. Andrea AAA, Satta F, Pavese I et al. Prevention of irinotecan (CPT-11) + 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (FU/LV) diarrhea by oral administration of neomycin + bacitracin in first line treatment of advanced colo-rectal cancer. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 22:278a (A1116), 2003.
  12. Rixe O, Ortuzar W, Alvarez M, et al. Oxaliplatin, tetraplatin, cisplatin, and carboplatin: spectrum of activity in drug-resistant cell lines and in the cell lines of the National Cancer Institute’s Anticancer Drug Screen panel. Biochem Pharmacol, 52:855–1865, 1996.
  13. Vikovic E, Bekradda M Oxaliplatin: a new therapeutic option in colorectal cancer. Semin Oncol, 26(6):647–662, 1999.
  14. Raymond E, Chaney SG, Taamma A et al. Oxaliplatin: a review of preclinical and clinical studies. Ann Oncol. 9:1053–1071, 1998.
  15. De Braud F, Munzone E, Nole F et al. Synergistic activity of oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer with progressive disease while on or after 5-fluorouracil. Am J Clin Oncol. 21:279–283, 1998.
  16. De Gramont A, Figer A, Seymour M et al. Leucovorin and fluorouracil with or without oxaliplatin as first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 18:2938–2947, 2000.
  17. Giacchetti S, Perpoint B, Zidani R et al. Phase III multicenter randomized trials of oxaliplatin added to chronomodulated fluorouracil-leucovorin as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 18:136–147, 2000.
  18. De Gramont A, A. Cervantes, T. Andre, et al. OPTIMOX study: FOLFOX 7/LV5FU2 compared to FOLFOX 4 in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 22 (14S):251s (A3525), 2004
  19. Tournigand C, Andre T, Achille E, et al. FOLFIRI followed by FOLFOX6 or the reverse sequence in advanced colorectal cancer: a randomized GERCOR study. J Clin Oncol. 22(2):229-37, 2004.
  20. Carmichael J, Popiela T, Radstone D, et al. Randomized comparative study of tegafur/uracil and oral leucovorin versus parenteral fluorouracil and leucovorin in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 20(17):3617-3627, 2002
  21. Douillard JY, Hoff PM, Skillings JR, et al. Multicenter phase III study of uracil/tegafur and oral leucovorin versus fluorouracil and leucovorin in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 20(17):3605-3616, 2002.
  22. Levin J, Schilsky R, Burris H, et al: North American phase III study of oral eniluracil (EU) plus oral 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) versus intravenous (IV) 5-FU plus leucovorin (LV) in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (ACC). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 20:132a (A523), 2001.
  23. Van Custsen E, Sorensen J, Cassidy J, et al: International phase III study of oral eniluracil (EU) plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) versus intravenous (IV) 5-FU plus leucovorin (LV) in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (ACC). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 20:132a (A522), 2001.
  24. Ishitsuka H, Miwa M, Ishikawa T et al. Capecitabine: an oral available fluoropyrimidine with tumor selective activity. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res. 36:A407, 1995.
  25. Miwa M, Utoh M, Sawada N et al. Design of a novel oral fluorouracil selectively in tumours by enzymes concentrated in human liver and cancer tissue. Eur J Cancer. 34:1274–1281, 1998.
  26. Schuller J, Cassidy J, Dumont E et al. Preferential activation of capecitabine in tumor following oral administration to colorectal cancer patients. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 45:291–297, 2000.
  27. Hoff PM, Ansari R, Bastist G et al. Comparison of oral capecitabine versus intravenous fluorouracil plus leucovorin as first-line treatment in 605 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: results of a randomized phase III study. J Clin Oncol. 19(8):2282–2292, 2001.
  28. Van Cutsem E, Twelves C, Cassidy J et al. Oral capecitabine compared with intravenous fluorouracil plus leucovorin in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: results of a large phase III study. J Clin Oncol. 19(21):4097–4106, 2001.
  29. Cassidy J, Tabernero J, Twelves C, et al. XELOX (capecitabine plus oxaliplatin): active first-line therapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 22(11):2084-2091, 2004.
  30. Patt YZ, Liebmann J, Diamandidis D, et al. Capecitabine (X) plus irinotecan (XELIRI) as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer(MCRC): Final safety finding fro a phase II trial. J Clin Oncol 22 (14S):270s (A3602), 2003.
  31. Grothey A, Jordan K, Kellner O, et al. Capecitabine/irinotecan (CapIri) and capecitabine/oxaliplatin (CapOx) are active second-line protocols in patients with advnaced colorectal cancer (ACRC) agter failure of first-line combination therapyL /results of a randomized phase II /study. J Clin Oncol 22(14S):253s (A3534), 2004.
  32. Goldstein NS, Armin M, Epidermal Growth factor receptor immunohistochemical reactivity in patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage IV coln adenocarcinoma: implication of a standardized scoring system. Cancer 93:1331-1346, 2001.
  33. Klapper LN, Kirschbaum MH, Sela M, et al. Biochemical and clinical implications of the ErbB/HER signaling network of growth factor receptors. Adv Cancer Res. 77:25-79, 2000.
  34. Saltz L, Rubin M, Hochster H et al. Cetuximab (IMC-C225) plus irinotecan (CP-11) is active in CPT- 11 refractory colorectal cancer (CRC) that expresses epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 20:3a (A7), 2001.
  35. Cunningham D, Humblet Y, Siena S, et al. Cetuximab monotherapy and cetuximab plus irinotecan in irinotecan-refractory metastatic colorectal caner. N Engl J Med 35:337-345, 2004.
  36. Lenz HJ, Mayer RJ, Gold PL, et al. Activity of cetuximab in patients with colorectal cancer refractory to both irinotecan and oxalipltin. J Clin Oncol 22(14S):247s (A3510), 2004.
  37. Tabernero JM, Van Cutsem E, Sastre J, et al: An international phase II study of cetuximab in combination with oxaliplatin/5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/folinic acid (FA) (FOLFOX-4) in the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) expressing epidermal Growth factor receptor (EGFR). Prelimilary results. J Clin Oncol 22(14S):248s(A3512), 2004
  38. Rougier P, Raoul J-L, Van Laethem J-L, et al. Cetuximab + FOLFIRI as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal CA. J Clin Oncol 22(14S):248s(A3513), 2004
  39. Hecht JR, Patnaik A, Malik I, et al. ABX-EGF monotherapy in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): An updated analysis. J Clin Oncol 22(14S):247s(A3511), 2004.
  40. Ferrara N, Gerber HP, LeCouter J. The biology of VEGF and its receptors. Nat Med 9:669-676, 2003.
  41. Kabbinavar F, Hurwitz HI, Fehrenbacher L et al. Phase II, randomized trial comparing bevacizumab plus fluorouracil (FU)/leucovorin (LV) with FU/LV alone in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 21:60-65, 2003.
  42. Kabbinavar FF, Schulz J, McCleod M, et al. Bevacizumab (a monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor) to prolong progression-free survival in first-line colorectal cancer (CRC) in subjects who are not suitable candidates for first-line CPT-11. J Clin Oncol 22(14S):249s (A3516), 2004.
  43. Hurwitz H, Fehrenbacher L, Novotny W, et al. Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 350:2335-2342, 2004.
  44. Hedrick EE, Hurwitz H, Griffing S, et al. Post-progression therapy (PPT) effect on survival in AVF2107, a phase III trial of bevacizumab in first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). J Clin Oncol 22 (14S):249s (A3517), 2004.
  45. Benson AB, Catalano PJ, Meropol NJ et al. Bevacizumab (anti-VEGF) plus FOLFOX4 in previously treated advanced colorectal cancer (advCRC): An interim toxicity analysis of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) study E3200. J Clin Oncol 22:A975, 2003.
  46. Chen HX, Mooney M, Boron M, et al. Bevacizumab (BV) plus 5-FU/Leucovorin (FU/LV) for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) that progressed after standard chemotherapies: NCI Treatment Referral Center trial (TRC-0301). J Clin Oncol 22 (14S):248s(A3515), 2004.
  47. Novotny WF, Holmgren E, Nelson B, et al. Bevacizumab (a monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor) does not increase the incidence of venous thromboembolism when added to first-line chemotherapyto treat metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 22(14S):252s(A3529), 2004.
  48. Fisher GA, Kuo CD, Cho CD, et al. A phase II study of gefitinib in combination with FOLFOX-4 (IFOX) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 22(14S):247s(A3514), 2004
  49. Oza AM, Townsley CA, Siu LL, et al. Phase II study of erlotinib (OSI-774) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 22(14S):196s (A785), 2004.
  50. Meyerhardt JA, Xhu A, Enzinger PC, et al. Phase II study of capecitabine, Oxaliplatin and erlotinib in previously treated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC). J Clin Oncol 22(14S):265s (A3580), 2004.
  51. Goldberg RM, Fleming TR, Tangem CM et al. Surgery for recurrent colon cancer: strategies for identifying resectable recurrence and success rates after resection. Ann Inter Med, 129:27–35, 1998.
  52. DeMatteo RM, Minnard EA, Kemeny N et al. Outcome after resection of both liver and lung metastases in patients with colorectal cancer. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 18:249a(A958), 1999.
  53. Giacchetti S, Itzhaki M, Gruia G et al. Longterm survival of patients with unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases following infusional chemotherapy with 5-flurouracial, leucovorin, oxaliplatin and surgery. Ann Oncol. 10:663–669, 1999.
  54. Kemeny MM, Adak S, Gray B et al. Combined modality treatment for resectable metastatic colorectal carcinoma to the liver: surgical resection of hepatic metastases in combination with continuous infusion of chemotherapy–an intergroup study. J Clin Oncol. 20:1499–1505, 2002.
  55. Kemeny N, Jarnagin W, Gonen M, et al. Phase I/II study of hepatic arterial therapy with floxuridine and dexamethasone in combination with intravenous irinotecan as adjuvant treatment after resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 21 (17):3303-3309, 2003.
  56. Leonard GD, Fong Y, Jarnagin W, et al. Liver resection after hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) plus systemic oxaliplatin (Oxal) combinations in pretreated patients with extensive unresectable colorectal liver metastases. J Clin Oncol 22(14S):256s(A3542), 2004
  57. Buyse M, Zeleniuch-Jaquitte A, Chalmers T, et al: Adjuvant therapy of colorectal cancer-why we still don’t know. JAMA 259:3571-3578, 1988.
  58. Wolmark N, Fisher B, Colangelo L, et al: Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy or BCG for colon cancer: results from NSABP protocol C-01. J Natl Cancer Inst. 80:30-36, 1988.
  59. Laurie JA, Moertel CG, Fleming TR, et al. Surgical adjuvant therapy of large-bowel carcinoma: an evaluation of levamisole and the combination of levamisole and 5-fluorouracil. The North Central Cancer Treatment Group and the Mayo Clinic. J Clin Oncol 7:1447-1456, 1989.
  60. Moertel CG, Fleming TR, Macdonald JS, et al: Levamisole and fluorouracil for adjuvant therapy of resected colon carcinoma. N Engl J Med 322:352-358, 1990.
  61. Moertel CG, Fleming TR, Macdonald JS, et al. Fluorouracil plus levamisole as effective adjuvant therapy after resection of stage III colon carcinoma: a final report. Ann Intern Med. 122:321-326, 1995.
  62. Wolmark N, Rockette H, Fisher B, et al: The benefit of leucovorin-modulated fluorouracil as postoperative adjuvant therapy for primary colon cancer: Results from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocol C-03. J Clin Oncol 11:1879-1887, 1993.
  63. Haller DG, Catalano PJ, Macdonald JS, et al: Fluorouracil (FU), leucovorin (LV), and levamisole (LEV) adjuvant therapy for colon cancer: Preliminary results of INT-0089. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 15:211, 1996.
  64. Haller DG, Catalano PJ, Macdonald JS, et al. Fluorouracil, leucovorin, and levamisole adjuvant therapy for colon cancer: Five-year final report of INT-0089. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 17:265a (A 982), 1998.
  65. Taal BG, Van Tinteren H, Zoetmulder FA. Adjuvant 5FU plus levamisole in colonic or rectal cancer: improved survival in stage II and III. Br J Cancer 85:1437-1443, 2001.
  66. Arkenau HT, Bermann A, Rettig K, et al: 5-Fluorouracil plus leucovorin is effective adjuvant chemotherapy in curatively resected stage III colon cancer: long-term follow-up results of the adjCCA-01 trial. Ann Oncol. 14(3):395-9, 2003.
  67. Staib L, Link KH, Beger HG. Toxicity and effects of adjuvant therapy in colon cancer: result of the German prospective, control randomized multicenter trial FOGT-1. J Gastrointest Surg 5:275-281, 2001.
  68. QUASAR Collaborative Group. Comparison of fluorouracil with additional levamisole, higher-dose folinic acid, or both, as adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer: a randomized trial. Lancet 355:1588-1596, 2000.
  69. Andre T, Colin P, Louvet C et al: Semimonthly versus monthly regimen of fluorouracil and leucovorin administered for 24 or 36 weeks as adjuvant therapy in stage II and III colon cancer: results of a randomized trial. J Clin Oncol, 21(15), 2896-2903, 2003.
  70. Saini A, Norman AR, Cunningham D, et al: Twelve weeks of protracted venous infusion of fluorouracil (5-FU) is as effective as 6 months of bolus 5-FU and folinic acid as adjuvant treatment in colorectal cancer.Br J Cancer. 88:1859-65, 2003.
  71. Scheithauer W, McKendrick J, Begbie S, et al: Oral capecitabine as an alternative to i.v. 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant therapy for colon cancer: safety results of a randomized, phase III trial. Ann Oncol 14:1735-1743, 2003.
  72. J. Cassidy, W. Scheithauer, J. McKendrick, et al. Capecitabine (X) vs. bolus 5-FU/leucovorin (LV) as adjuvant therapy for colon cancer (the X-ACT study): efficacy results of a phase III trial. J Clin Oncol 22(14S):247s(A3509), 2004
  73. Wolmark N, Wieand S, Lembersky B, et al. A phase III trial comparing oral UFT to FULV in stage II and III carcinoma of the colon: Result of NSABP Protocol C-06. J Clin Oncol 22(14S):247s(A3508), 2004
  74. Rothenberg ML, Meropol NJ, Poplin EA, et al: Mortality associated with irinotecan plus bolus fluorouracil/leucovorin: summary finding of an independent panel. J Clin Oncol, 19(18), 3801–3807, 2001.
  75. Sargent D, Niedzwiecki D, O’Connell MJ et al: Recommendation for caution with irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med, 345, 144–146, 2001.
  76. Saltz LB, Niedzwiecki D, Hollis D, et al. Irinotecan plus fluorouracil/leucovorin (IFL) versus fluorouracil/leucovorin alone (FL) in stage III colon cancer (intergroup trial CALGB C89803). J Clin Oncol 22(14S): 245s (A3500), 2004.
  77. Andre T, Boni C, Mounedji-Boudiaf L, et al. Oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as adjuvant treatment for colon cancer. N Engl J Med 350:2344-2351, 2004
  78. Mamounas E, Wieand S, Wolmark N, et al. Comparative Efficacy of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Dukes' B Versus Dukes' C Colon Cancer: Results From Four National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Adjuvant Studies (C-01, C-02, C-03, and C-04). J Clin Oncol 17: 1349-1355, 1999.
  79. Piedbois P: Introduction, 4th International Conference on Colorectal Cancer in Paris. Semin Oncol 28 (suppl 1): 1-3, 2001.
  80. Marsoni S for IMPACT investigators: Efficacy of adjuvant fluorouracil and leucovorin in Stage B2 and C colon cancer. Semin Oncol 28 (suppl 1):14-19, 2001.
  81. Benson III AB, Schrag D, Somerfield MR, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology recommendations on adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II colon cancer. J Clin Oncol 22:3408-3419, 2004
  82. Gray RG, Hills BR, Hills R, et al. QUASAR: A randomized study of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) vs. observation including 3238 colorectal cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 22(14S):245s(A3501), 2004
  83. Hikish T, Boni C, Navarro M et al. FOLFOX4 as adjuvant treatment for stage II colon cancer (CC): Subpopulation data from the MOSAIC trial. J Clin Oncol 22(14S):274s(A3619), 2004
  84. Sargent DJ, Goldberg RM, Jacobson SD, et al. A pooled analysis of adjuvant chemotherapy for resected colon cancer in elderly patients. N Engl J Med 345(15):1091-7, 2001
  85. Iwashyna TJ and Lamont EB. Effectiveness of adjuvant fluorouracil in clinical practice: A population-based cohort study of elderly patients with stage III colon cancer. J Clin Oncol 20:3992-3998, 2002.
  86. Schrag D, Gelfand S, Bach P, et al: Adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II colon cancer: Insight from a SEER-medicare cohort. Pro Am Soc Clin Oncol 20:123a (A 488), 2001.
  87. Punt CJ, Nagy A, Douillard, et al. Edrecolomab alone or in combination with fluorouracil and folinic acid in the adjuvant treatment of stage III colon cancer: a randomised study. Lancet. 360(9334): 671-677, 2002.
  88. Fields AL, Keller AM, Schwartzberg L et al. Edrecolomab (17-1A antibody) (EDR) in combination with 5-fluorouracil (FU) based chemotherapy in the adjuvant treatment of stage III colon cancer: results of a randomized North American phase III study. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 21:128a (A508), 2002.
  89. Haller DG: Update of clinical trials with edrecolomab: A monoclonal antibody therapy for colorectal cancer. Semin Oncol 28 (suppl 1):25-30, 2001.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Está expresamente prohibida la redistribución y la redifusión de todo o parte de los contenidos de la Sociedad Iberoamericana de Información Científica (SIIC) S.A. sin previo y expreso consentimiento de SIIC.
ua31618
Acerca de SIIC   Estructura de SIIC   Fuentes informativas  

Sociedad Iberoamericana de Información Científica

Copyright siicsalud© 1997-2024 ISSN siicsalud: 1667-9008
ua31517