HIPERTENSION PULMONAR ASOCIADA A LUPUS ERITEMATOSO SISTEMICO: REPORTE DE CASO





HIPERTENSION PULMONAR ASOCIADA A LUPUS ERITEMATOSO SISTEMICO: REPORTE DE CASO

(especial para SIIC © Derechos reservados)
La asociación de hipertensión arterial pulmonar con lupus eritematoso sistémico es infrecuente. Presentamos el caso de una paciente puérpera con diagnóstico, sin tratamiento convencional, a quien debido a un agravamiento de su enfermedad se le diagnosticó hipertensión pulmonar clase III.
Autor:
Fernando Ricardo Racca Velásquez
Columnista Experta de SIIC

Institución:
Clínica Privada Independencia


Artículos publicados por Fernando Ricardo Racca Velásquez
Coautores
Alvaro Ramirez Toncel* Jhair Martinez Obando* 
Medico, Clínica Privada Independencia*
Recepción del artículo
18 de Octubre, 2016
Aprobación
24 de Octubre, 2016
Primera edición
15 de Noviembre, 2016
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
La hipertensión pulmonar (HTP) es una complicación grave e infrecuente que puede presentarse en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) con una prevalencia del 3% al 4%, su etiología puede ser multifactorial y se la reconoce como predictor independiente de mortalidad. Entre los anticuerpos asociados con la presencia de HTP y LES se mencionan los antifosfolípidos, anti-antígeno nuclear extraíble Sm (anti-Sm o anti-Smith) y anti-antígeno nuclear extraíble La/SSB (anti-La/SSB); el fenómeno de Raynaud se presenta en el 75% de estos pacientes. Como tratamiento farmacológico se incluyen los antagonistas de los canales de calcio, prostaciclinas, antagonistas de los receptores de la endotelina, inhibidores de la fosfodiesterasa, corticosteroides e inmunosupesores. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con diagnóstico de LES en tratamiento homeopático que durante el primer mes de puerperio se presentó con diagnóstico de disnea clase funcional III, se constató presencia de anticuerpos antinucleares, anticitoplasmáticos, anti-Sm, anti-La-SSB y anti-antígeno nuclear extraíble Ro-SSA (anti-Ro/SSA) y ausencia de síndrome de Raynaud; se efectuó ecocardiograma que, como dato positivo informó presión sistólica de arteria pulmonar de 63 mm Hg, y mediante tomografía axial computarizada se constató un diámetro del tronco de la arteria pulmonar de 42.13 mm y se descartó embolismo pulmonar; con diagnóstico de crisis lúpica se inició tratamiento con metilprednisolona y luego con prednisona, sildenafil y diuréticos de asa, con evolución favorable. Se decidió efectuar cateterismo para decidir conducta definitiva, la paciente falleció durante el procedimiento.

Palabras clave
lupus eritematoso sistémico, hipertensión arterial pulmonar, autoanticuerpos, fenómeno de raynaud, cateterismo cardíaco


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Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious and unusual complication that can appear in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with 3%-4% prevalence, the etiology may be due to different factors and is recognized as an independent mortality predictor. Among the antibodies asociated with PH in SLE antiphospolipids, against extractable nuclear antigen Sm (anti Sm or anti Smith) and against extractable nuclear antigen La/SSB are mentioned; Raynaud phenomenon occurs in 75% of these patients. Pharmacological treatment as calcium antagonists, prostacyclins, endothelin receptors antagonists, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, corticosteroids and inmunosuppressive treatment are included. A case of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus diagnostic in homeopathic treatment is presented, in which during the first postpartum month showed a functional class III dyspnea, and presence of different types of antibodies such as antinuclear, anticytoplasmic, anti Sm, anti La/SSb and against extractable nuclear antigen Ro-SSA (anti Ro/SSA), and absence of Raynaud phenomenon; it was done an echocardiography which reported a 63 mm Hg arterial pulmonary systolic pressure and through a computed axial tomography it was observed a pulmonary artery with 42.13 mm diameter and pulmonary embolism was discarded. With a lupus critical diagnostic, began a treatment with methilpredinisolone and then with prednisona, sildenafil and loop diuretic with favorable evolution. A cardiac catheterization was decided to carry out, to determine definitive behavior and the patient died during the procedure.

Key words
systemic lupus erythematosus, pulmonary hypertension, autoantibodies, raynaud phenomenon, cardiac catheterization


Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos de Iberoamérica >
página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Cardiología, Medicina Interna
Relacionadas: Cuidados Intensivos, Diagnóstico por Imágenes, Diagnóstico por Laboratorio, Neumonología, Reumatología



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