Prevalence of COVID-19 in medical school and residency in Porto Alegre, RS

Silva, Gabriela Salzano; Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre. School of Medicine. Porto Alegre. BR, Avila, Georgia Oliveira; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. School of Medicine. Porto Alegre. BR, Leer más

Lubianca, Fernanda Nascimento; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. School of Medicine. Porto Alegre. BR, Lubianca, João Pedro Neves; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. School of Medicine. Porto Alegre. BR, Michelon, Victória Marques de Medeiros; Universidade Luterana do Brasil. School of Medicine. Porto Alegre. BR, Kalil, Diogo Pereira; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. School of Medicine. Porto Alegre. BR, Maestri, Lorenzo Feldman; Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre. School of Medicine. Porto Alegre. BR, Lengler, Arthur Dementshuk; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. School of Medicine. Porto Alegre. BR, Lima, Guilherme Pereira; Universidade Luterana do Brasil. School of Medicine. Porto Alegre. BR, Lubianca Neto, José Faibes; Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre. Porto Alegre. BR

Fuente científica: Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992)

Fecha de actualización: 6 Abril, 2022

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: A multicentric, cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence and risk factors for Coronavirus disease 2019 in medical students and residents from four universities and affiliated hospitals in Brazil. METHODS: A survey about contamination risk and symptoms was sent to all participants through email and WhatsApp. Prevalence was measured by the self-report of positive polymerase chain reaction or serological test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed, and odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated. RESULTS: Prevalence of infection by Sars-CoV-2 was 14.9% (151/1011). The disease was more prevalent in residents and interns than in undergraduate students. Contact with an infected relative outside the hospital or with colleagues without using personal protective equipment was associated with higher contamination. Contact with patients without wearing goggles and higher weekly frequency of contact were the two factors independently associated with the infection by Coronavirus disease 2019 in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Medical students, interns, and residents have a higher prevalence of Coronavirus disease 2019 than the general population, in which the last two groups are significantly at higher risk. Contacting patients at a higher weekly frequency increases the risk for infection. The use of goggles should be reinforced when contacting patients.

Palabras clave: Internship, Medical Residency, Prevalence, Sars-CoV-2, Students, Medical

Can 1st and 6th month pulmonary function test follow-ups give an idea about the long-term respiratory effects of COVID-19 pneumonia?

Eroglu, Serkan Emre; University of Health Sciences. Umraniye Training and Research Hospital. Department of Emergency Medicine. Istanbul. TR, Ademoglu, Enis; University of Health Sciences. Umraniye Training and Research Hospital. Department of Emergency Medicine. Istanbul. TR, Leer más

Baslilar, Seyma; University of Health Sciences Umraniye. Training and Research Hospital. Department of Pulmonary Medicine. Istanbul. TR, Aksel, Gokhan; University of Health Sciences. Umraniye Training and Research Hospital. Department of Emergency Medicine. Istanbul. TR, Eker, Aysen; University of Health Sciences. Umraniye Training and Research Hospital. Department of Emergency Medicine. Istanbul. TR, Algın, Abdullah; University of Health Sciences. Umraniye Training and Research Hospital. Department of Emergency Medicine. Istanbul. TR, Islam, Mehmet Muzaffer; University of Health Sciences. Umraniye Training and Research Hospital. Department of Emergency Medicine. Istanbul. TR, Ozdemir, Serdar; University of Health Sciences. Umraniye Training and Research Hospital. Department of Emergency Medicine. Istanbul. TR

Fuente científica: Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992)

Fecha de actualización: 6 Abril, 2022

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to ascertain the long-term respiratory effects of COVID-19 pneumonia through pulmonary function tests in follow-ups at 1 and 6 months. METHODS: Our study was conducted between August 1, 2020 and April 30, 2021. At 1 month after discharge, follow-up evaluations, PFTs, and lung imaging were performed on patients aged above 18 years who had been diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia. In the 6th month, the PFTs were repeated for those with pulmonary dysfunction. RESULTS: A total of 219 patients (mean age, 49±11.9 years) were included. Pathological PFT results were noted in the 1st month for 80 patients and in the 6th month for 46 (7 had obstructive disorder, 15 had restrictive disorder, and 28 had small airway obstruction) patients. A significant difference was found between abnormal PFT results and patient-described dyspnea in the 1st month of follow-up. The 6-month PFT values (especially those for forced vital capacity) were statistically significantly lower in the patients for whom imaging did not indicate complete radiological improvement at the 1-month follow-up. No statistically significant difference was found between the severity of the first computed tomography findings or clinical condition on emergency admission and pulmonary dysfunction (Pearson's chi-square test, P=0.904; Fisher's exact test, P=0.727). CONCLUSION: It is important that patients with COVID-19 pneumonia be followed up for at least 1 month after discharge to be monitored for potential long-term lung damage. PFTs should be administered to those in whom ongoing dyspnea, which started with COVID-19, and/or full recovery were not identified in pulmonary imaging.

Palabras clave: COVID-19, Long term adverse effects, Lung diseases, Lung injury, Respiratory function tests

Comparison of spermiograms of infertile men before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Sarier, Mehmet; Istinye University. Department of Urology. Istanbul. TR, Demir, Meltem; Antalya Bilim University. Faculty of Health Science. Antalya. TR, Leer más

Emek, Mestan; Akdeniz University. Department of Public Health. Antalya. TR, Usta, Sibel Sürmen; Medical Park Hospital. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Antalya. TR, Soylu, Ahmet; Atlas University. Department of Urology. Istanbul. TR, Konuk, Elçin Yenidünya; Provincial Directorate of Health. Public Health Laboratory. Antalya. TR, Turgut, Hasan; Avrasya University. Faculty of Health Science. Trabzon. TR

Fuente científica: Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992)

Fecha de actualización: 6 Abril, 2022

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been interest in the impact of both SARS-CoV-2 infection and pandemic-induced social restrictions on male reproductive health. This study aimed to evaluate the spermiogram values of men who presented for infertility during the pandemic compared with the previous 2 years. METHODS: Patients who presented to a urology outpatient clinic for the first time due to infertility were included. The patients' age, semen volume, and spermiogram results were recorded. Based on the presentation date, the patients were divided into prepandemic group 1 (March 2018-February 2019), prepandemic group 2 (March 2019-February 2020), and pandemic group (March 2020-February 2021) for comparison. RESULTS: A total of 594 patients were included. There was no significant difference between the three groups in terms of the number of patients who presented for infertility (207, 190, and 197 patients, respectively; p=0.691). The mean age was 36.6±7.2 in the prepandemic group 1, 35.5±7.1 in the prepandemic group 2, and 33.1±6.3 in the pandemic group. Patients who presented during the pandemic were significantly younger (p<0.001). There were no differences between the groups in terms of semen volume (p=0.910) or rates of normospermia and pathological spermiogram findings (p=0.222). CONCLUSIONS: In the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was no significant difference in the number of patients who presented for infertility or in their spermiogram results compared with 2018 and 2019. However, it is noteworthy that the patients were significantly younger during the pandemic than in the previous 2 years.

Palabras clave: COVID-19 pandemic, Male infertility, SARS-CoV-2, Semen analysis, Spermiogram

Constipation in the period of limited isolation during COVID-19 pandemic

Kayaoglu, Sevcan Alkan; Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital. Department of General Surgery. Istanbul. TR, Sert, Ozlem Zeliha; Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital. Department of General Surgery. Istanbul. TR


Fuente científica: Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992)

Fecha de actualización: 6 Abril, 2022

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: COVID-19 outbreak has become widespread globally and caused a new global chaos. This outbreak that completely affected the lifestyle of individuals resulted in periods of isolation. Here, we evaluated the effects of lifestyle changes with isolation on constipation. METHODS: A survey on constipation was performed during the 12-week isolation period starting in March 2020 in Turkey. Data of 390 individuals who participated in the survey through the social media and who were actively employed prior to isolation were analyzed. Rome IV criteria were used to evaluate constipation. RESULTS: Among the participants in the study, 253 (64.9%) were women with the mean age of 39.5±9.5 years. A statistically significant association was found between the decreased water consumption during the isolation period and constipation after the isolation (p=0.020; p<0.05). A significant association was found between the changes in physical activity and constipation after the isolation (p=0.013; p<0.05). New development of constipation during the isolation or declaration of increased constipation was found to be statistically associated with post-isolation constipation according to Rome criteria (p=0.000; p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The data of this present study demonstrated that isolation period was effective on the newly developed constipation. Decreased physical activity and water consumption are also effective on constipation.

Palabras clave: COVID, Constipation, Pandemic

Cardiovascular drugs and analysis of potential risk factors associated with mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients

Atabey, Rukiye Derin; University of Health Sciences. Van Training and Research Hospital. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery. Van. TR, Aladağ, Nesim; Van Yuzuncu Yil University. Faculty of Medicine. Department of Cardiology. Van. TR, Leer más

Şipal, Abdulcebbar; University of Health Sciences. Van Training and Research Hospital. Department of Cardiology. Van. TR, Akbulut, Tayyar; University of Health Sciences. Van Training and Research Hospital. Department of Cardiology. Van. TR, Doğan, Zeki; İstanbul Atlas University. Faculty of Medicine. Department of Cardiology. İstanbul. TR, Özdemir, Mahmut; Bayrampaşa Kolan Hospital. Department of Cardiology. İstanbul. TR

Fuente científica: Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992)

Fecha de actualización: 6 Abril, 2022

SUMMARY OBJECTIVES: Cardiovascular diseases are also considered to increase the risk of death in COVID-19 patients. However, real-world data concerning the risk factors for death in patients with severe COVID-19 still remain vague. This study aimed to identify the potential risk factors associated with mortality in severe COVID-19 patients. METHODS: All consecutive patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of our institute for COVID-19 for severe COVID-19 pneumonia from April 1, 2020 to July 20, 2020 were included in the analysis. Patient characteristics, including complete medical history and comorbid diseases, blood test results during admission and on day 7, and clinical characteristics were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between survivors and nonsurvivors regarding age, gender, and preexisting cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the rate of the medications including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blockers did not differ between survivors and nonsurvivors. The peak C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, fibrinogen, and d-dimer levels and the rate for chronic renal failure were significantly higher in nonsurvivors compared with survivors. Intubated patients had a higher risk of death than the others had. CONCLUSIONS: This study failed to demonstrate a significant difference in preexisting cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular medications between survivors and nonsurvivors who were admitted to ICU for severe COVID-19. Our findings indicate that the presence of chronic renal failure, a high peak ferritin concentration, and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation appear predictive for mortality. We propose that these risk factors should be taken into account in defining the risk status of severe COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU.

Palabras clave: COVID-19, Cardiovascular drugs, Intubation, Potential risk factors, Renal failure

COVID-19 in HIV-infected individuals

Sookaromdee, Pathum; Private Academic Consultant. Bangkok. TH, Wiwanitkit, Viroj; Patil University. Pune. IN


Fuente científica: Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992)

Fecha de actualización: 6 Abril, 2022

Early Initiation of Extracorporeal Blood Purification Using the AN69ST (oXiris®) Hemofilter as a Treatment Modality for COVID-19 Patients: a Single-Centre Case Series

Ugurov, Petar; Zan Mitrev Clinic. MK, Popevski, Dijana; Zan Mitrev Clinic. MK, Leer más

Gramosli, Tanja; Zan Mitrev Clinic. MK, Neziri, Dashurie; Zan Mitrev Clinic. MK, Vuckova, Dragica; Zan Mitrev Clinic. MK, Gjorgon, Marko; Zan Mitrev Clinic. MK, Stoicovski, Emil; Zan Mitrev Clinic. MK, Marinkovic, Sanja; Zan Mitrev Clinic. MK, Veljanovska-Kiridjievska, Lidija; Zan Mitrev Clinic. MK, Ignevska, Katerina; Zan Mitrev Clinic. MK, Mehandziska, Sanja; Zan Mitrev Clinic. MK, Ambarkova, Elena; Zan Mitrev Clinic. MK, Mitrev, Zan; Zan Mitrev Clinic. MK, Rosalia, Rodney Alexander; Zan Mitrev Clinic. MK

Fuente científica: Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc

Fecha de actualización: 6 Abril, 2022

Abstract Introduction: Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterised by hyperinflammatory state, systemic coagulopathies, and multiorgan involvement, especially acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We here describe our preliminary clinical experience with COVID-19 patients treated via an early initiation of extracorporeal blood purification combined with systemic heparinisation and respiratory support. Methods: Fifteen patients were included; several biomarkers associated with COVID-19 severity were monitored. Personalised treatment was tailored according to the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumour necrosis factor alpha, C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, thrombocyte counts, D-dimers, and fibrinogen. Treatment consisted of respiratory support, extracorporeal blood purification using the AN69ST (oXiris®) hemofilter, and 300 U/kg heparin to maintain activation clotting time ≥ 180 seconds. Results: Ten patients presented with severe to critical disease (dyspnoea, hypoxia, respiratory rate > 30/min, peripheral oxygen saturation < 90%, or > 50% lung involvement on X-ray imaging). The median intensive care unit length of stay was 9.3 days (interquartile range 5.3-10.1); two patients developed ARDS and died after 5 and 26 days. Clinical improvement was associated with normalisation (increase) of thrombocytes and white blood cells, stable levels of IL-6 (< 50 ng/mL), and a decrease of CRP and fibrinogen. Conclusion: Continuous monitoring of COVID-19 severity biomarkers and radiological imaging is crucial to assess disease progression, uncontrolled inflammation, and to avert irreversible multiorgan failure. The combination of systemic heparin anticoagulation regimens and extracorporeal blood purification using cytokine-adsorbing hemofilters may reduce hyperinflammation, prevent coagulopathy, and support clinical recovery.

Palabras clave: Blood Platets, C-Reactive Protein, COVID-19, Cytokines, Heparin, Interleukin-6, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult, Respiratory Rate, TNF protein, human, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Noticiando pré-prints sobre a COVID-19: a ciência rápida em jornais dos Estados Unidos, Reino Unido e Brasil
Reporting COVID-19 preprints: fast science in newspapers in the United States, the United Kingdom and Brazil

Massarani, Luisa; Fiocruz. Casa de Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Comunicação Pública da Ciência e Tecnologia. Rio de Janeiro. BR, Neves, Luiz Felipe Fernandes; Fiocruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro. BR


Fuente científica: Ciênc. Saúde Colet

Fecha de actualización: 6 Abril, 2022

Resumo A pandemia COVID-19 acelerou o ritmo da ciência. Muitos dados científicos são publicados em repositórios de pré-print, antes da revisão por pares, o que levanta questionamentos sobre a credibilidade das informações ainda não validadas por outros cientistas. Analisamos 76 matérias publicadas de janeiro a julho de 2020 por três jornais (The New York Times - EUA, The Guardian - Reino Unido e Folha de S. Paulo - Brasil), que tiveram como tema estudos sobre COVID-19 publicados em plataformas de pré-print. O objetivo foi analisar como a mídia cobriu pesquisas não revisadas por pares, em países marcados por discursos conflitantes motivados pelo negacionismo de seus governantes. Os resultados mostram que os jornais não fornecem explicações detalhadas sobre o que é uma plataforma de pré-print, como funciona o processo de publicação de resultados de pesquisas e as implicações de um estudo que ainda não foi revisado por pares. A análise também revela como esses veículos foram guiados pela ansiedade gerada por uma doença desconhecida, com foco em pesquisas sobre testes de medicamentos e soroprevalência. O estudo nos leva a refletir sobre os desafios e fragilidades na cobertura de uma ciência rápida e a necessidade de ampliar a compreensão do público sobre os métodos e processos da ciência.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the pace of science. Many scientific data are published on preprint repositories, prior to peer review, which raises questions about the credibility of the information not yet validated by other scientists. We analyzed 76 stories published from January to July 2020 by three newspapers (The New York Times - USA, The Guardian - UK and Folha de S. Paulo - Brazil), having as topic studies on COVID-19 published on preprint platforms. The objective was to analyze how the media covered non-peer-reviewed research, in countries marked by conflicting discourses prompted by the denialist attitude of their government leaders. The results show that the newspapers did not provide a detailed explanation of what a preprint platform is, how the process of publishing research results works, and the implications of a study that has not yet been peer reviewed. The analysis also reveals how these news outlets were guided by the anxiety from an unknown disease, focusing on research on drug trials and seroprevalence. The study leads us to reflect on the challenges and weaknesses of covering fast science and the need to broaden the public's understanding of the methods and processes of science.

Palabras clave: COVID-19, COVID-19, Comunicação e divulgação científica, Jornalismo científico, Preprint, Pré-publicação, Scientific communication and diffusion, Scientific journalism

SPECIAL ARTICLE COVID-19: Safety for the Rhinologist in the Age of COVID-19: Mask Use, Nasal Corticosteroids, Saline Irrigation, and Endoscopic Procedures - Literature Review

Kosugi, Eduardo Macoto; Academia Brasileira de Rinologia (ABR). Scientific Committee. São Paulo. BR, Villa, Jonatas Figueiredo; Academia Brasileira de Rinologia (ABR). Scientific Committee. São Paulo. BR, Leer más

Ramos, Henrique Faria; Academia Brasileira de Rinologia (ABR). Scientific Committee. São Paulo. BR, Luz-Matsumoto, Gabriela Ricci; Academia Brasileira de Rinologia (ABR). Scientific Committee. São Paulo. BR, Serrano, Thiago Luis Infanger; Academia Brasileira de Rinologia (ABR). Scientific Committee. São Paulo. BR, Campos, Carlos Augusto Correia de; Academia Brasileira de Rinologia (ABR). Scientific Committee. São Paulo. BR, Barreto, Carolina Cincurá; Academia Brasileira de Rinologia (ABR). Scientific Committee. São Paulo. BR, Lima, Clara Mônica; Academia Brasileira de Rinologia (ABR). Scientific Committee. São Paulo. BR, Fornazieri, Marco Aurélio; Academia Brasileira de Rinologia (ABR). Scientific Committee. São Paulo. BR, Piltcher, Otavio; Academia Brasileira de Rinologia (ABR). Scientific Committee. São Paulo. BR, Lessa, Marcus Miranda; Academia Brasileira de Rinologia (ABR). Scientific Committee. São Paulo. BR, Romano, Fabrizio Ricci; Academia Brasileira de Rinologia (ABR). Scientific Committee. São Paulo. BR

Fuente científica: Int. arch. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.)

Fecha de actualización: 6 Abril, 2022

Abstract Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has claimed millions of lives. Adequate protection of the professionals involved in patient care is essential in the battle against this disease. However, there is much uncertainty involving safety-relarted topics that are of particular interest to the rhinologist in the context of COVID-19. Objective To evaluate the current evidence regarding three safety-related topics: mask and respirator use, performance of nasal endoscopic procedures, and use of topical nasal and intranasal medications (saline irrigation and nasal corticosteroids). Methods A literature review was performed on the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases, with standardized search queries for each of the three topics of interest. Results In total, 13 articles on mask use, 6 articles on the safety of nasal corticosteroids, 6 articles on the safety of nasal endoscopic procedures, and 1 article on nasal irrigation with saline solution were included in the final analysis. Conclusion N95 respirators are essential for the adequate protection of otolaryngologists. If reuse is necessary, physical methods of sterilization must be employed. No evidence was found to contraindicate the use of nasal corticosteroids, whether acute (in the management of sinonasal inflammatory conditions) or continued (in patients who use them chronically). Nasal irrigation with saline solution apparently does not increase the risk in the context of COVID-19. Nasal endoscopic procedures should only be performed after testing the patient for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the surgical team must wear full personal protective equipment to prevent aerosol exposure.

Palabras clave: COVID-19, Corticosteroids, Masks, Nasal endoscopy, Nasal saline solution, Safety