PAPEL DE LA METFORMINA EN EL TRATAMIENTO DEL CANCER

(especial para SIIC © Derechos reservados)
La metformina es una excelente droga antidiabética que continúa asombrando a investigadores y clínicos por sus recién analizados efectos antitumorales, algunos de particular interés en casos de resistencia a la quimioterapia. Evidentemente, nunca sustituirá a las terapéuticas dirigidas, pero puede ser un gran coadyuvante de bajo costo en el tratamiento de pacientes oncológicos.  
Autor:
Christian Omar Ramos-peñafiel
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga"


Artículos publicados por Christian Omar Ramos-peñafiel
Coautores
Irma Olarte-Carrillo* Adrián Santoyo-Sánchez** Adolfo Martínez-Tovar*** 
Bioquímica, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", México*
Médico, Hospital General de México, México**
Bioquímico, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", México***
Recepción del artículo
16 de Marzo, 2017
Aprobación
9 de Enero, 2018
Primera edición
25 de Enero, 2018
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
El cáncer es una de las principales causas de muerte alrededor del mundo. Su tratamiento es cada vez más complejo y costoso. Debido a esto son pocos los fármacos de uso común que han demostrado actividad sobre el crecimiento tumoral. Entre estos, la metformina ha mostrado su eficacia tanto in vitro como in vivo. Esto en parte es debido a la activación de la AMPK, causando una depleción de ATP al igual que el bloqueo de una vía de señalización primordial para la supervivencia celular denominada PI3K/Akt/mTOR. Estos efectos influyen directamente sobre otras vías como lo son Hedgehog, Notch, Wnt, la expresión de genes de resistencia a drogas (MDR-1) o la expresión de proteínas antiapoptoticas como la survivina. Finalmente, estos hallazgos han permitido la búsqueda de nuevas indicaciones, como son la resistencia a drogas antituberculosas o incluso la reducción de los eventos de trombóticos. Debido a su seguridad, esta vieja droga es una opción accesible como coadyuvante para el tratamiento del cáncer, en especial en países en vías de desarrollo.

Palabras clave
adenosina trifosfato, apoptosis, metformina, neoplasias de la mama, quimioterapia combinada, transportadoras de casetes de unión a atp


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Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death around the world. Its treatment is increasingly complex and expensive. Because of this, there are few commonly used drugs that have shown activity on tumor growth. Among this, Metformin has shown its effectiveness both in vitro and in vivo. This is partly due to the activation of AMPK causing a depletion of ATP as well as the blocking of a primordial signaling pathway for cell survival called PI3K/Akt /mTOR. These effects directly influence other pathways such as Hedghog, Notch, Wnt, the expression of drug resistance genes (MDR-1) or the expression of antiapoptotic proteins such as Survivin. Finally, these findings have allowed the search for new indications such as resistance to antituberculosis drugs or even the reduction of thrombotic drugs. Due to its safety, this old drug is an accessible option as a coadjuvant for the treatment of cancer, especially in developing countries.

Key words
metformin, drug therapy combination, adenosine triphosphate, atp-binding cassette transporters, apoptosis, breast neoplasms


Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos de Iberoamérica >
página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Farmacología, Oncología
Relacionadas: Bioquímica, Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Genética Humana, Hematología, Medicina Farmacéutica, Medicina Interna



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Christian Omar Ramos-Peñafiel, 06726, Dr. Balmis 148, Col. Doctores, México
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