Artículos relacionadosArtículos relacionadosArtículos relacionados
Artículos afines de siicsalud publicados en los últimos 4 meses
EFECTOS DE LA EXPOSICIÓN INTRAUTERINA A DROGAS ANTIEPILÉPTICAS
Neurology 102(11):1-19
Difundido en siicsalud: 21 ago 2024
EFICACIA Y TOLERABILIDAD DEL BRIVARACETAM COMO TERAPIA ADYUVANTE
Advances in Therapy 41(4):1746-1758
Difundido en siicsalud: 14 ago 2024

TRATAMIENTO FARMACOLOGICO DEL DOLOR NEUROPATICO

(especial para SIIC © Derechos reservados)
Si bien existen muy pocas drogas aprobadas para el tratamiento del dolor neuropático, diversos agentes poseen actividad analgésica y pueden resultar útiles en este trastorno.
mcclane9.jpg Autor:
Gary Mccleane
Columnista Experto de SIIC

Institución:
Consultant in Pain Management Rampark Pain Center


Artículos publicados por Gary Mccleane
Recepción del artículo
8 de Abril, 2005
Aprobación
26 de Abril, 2005
Primera edición
3 de Noviembre, 2005
Segunda edición, ampliada y corregida
7 de Junio, 2021

Resumen
En condiciones normales, en el sistema nervioso existe equilibrio entre los estímulos inhibitorios y excitatorios. Este equilibrio puede verse afectado si el tejido nervioso se daña o irrita, lo que puede originar dolor neuropático. Dicho dolor no responde consecuentemente a los analgésicos opioides o a los antiinflamatorios no esteroides y puede ser necesario el empleo de otros agentes terapéuticos con actividad conocida sobre las vías inhibitorias y excitatorias del dolor. Estos otros agentes se consideran, tradicionalmente, en referencia a su empleo original. Con respecto a los opioides, el creciente número de datos apunta a un efecto analgésico en el dolor neuropático, aunque las preocupaciones acerca de su tolerancia y dependencia aún impiden su uso más extendido. Los anticonvulsivos comprenden un grupo de compuestos que poseen propiedades analgésicas y anticonvulsivas, pero cada uno posee mecanismos de acción diferentes y por ello diversos miembros de esta clase deberían probarse antes de arribar a la conclusión de que, en conjunto, no resultan efectivos. Los antidepresivos tricíclicos también pueden desempeñar un papel en el tratamiento de este tipo de dolor. Los miembros de este grupo que se aplican por vía tópica pueden también tener un papel para la terapéutica cuando el área dolorosa es pequeña. Otras opciones, como los inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina, estabilizadores de membranas, capsaicina, baclofeno y clonidina pueden tener potencial para el tratamiento del dolor de origen neuropático.

Palabras clave
Dolor neuropático, drogas antiepilépticas, antidepresivos tricíclicos, opioides


Artículo completo

(castellano)
Extensión:  +/-14.99 páginas impresas en papel A4
Exclusivo para suscriptores/assinantes

Abstract
In health, the nervous system exists in a balance between inhibitory and excitatory influences. This balance may be upset if neural tissue is damaged or irritated and may give rise to neuropathic pain. Such neuropathic pain does not respond consistently to opioid analgesics or NSAIDs and it may be necessary to utilize other therapeutic agents with known activity on either the excitatory or inhibitory components of the pain pathway. These other agents are traditionally considered with reference to their original uses. With respect to the opioids, increasing evidence points to an analgesic effect in neuropathic pain, although concerns regarding tolerance and dependence still prevent more widespread use. The anticonvulsants comprise a group of compounds possessing anticonvulsant and analgesic properties, but each possesses differing modes of action and so several members of the class should be tried before a conclusion is reached that they, as a whole, are ineffective. TCAs may also have a role in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Topical TCAs may also have a role where the area of neuropathic pain is small. Other options, such as SSRIs, membrane stabilizers, capsaicin, baclofen and clonidine may have potential in treating neuropathic pain.

Key words
Neuropathic pain, antiepileptic drugs, tricyclic antidepressants, opioids


Full text
(english)
para suscriptores/ assinantes

Clasificación en siicsalud
Artículos originales > Expertos del Mundo >
página   www.siicsalud.com/des/expertocompleto.php/

Especialidades
Principal: Neurología
Relacionadas: Anestesiología, Farmacología, Medicina Farmacéutica, Medicina Interna



Comprar este artículo
Extensión: 14.99 páginas impresas en papel A4

file05.gif (1491 bytes) Artículos seleccionados para su compra



Bibliografía del artículo
  1. Dellemijn PL, Vanneste JA. Randomised double-blind active-placebo controlled crossover trial of intravenous fentanyl in neuropathic pain. Lancet 1997; 349:753 - 8.
  2. Max MB, Byas-Smith MG, Gracely RH, Bennett GJ. Intravenous infusion of the NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in chronic post-traumatic pain with allodynia: a double-blind comparison to alfentanil and placebo. Clin Neuropharmacol 1995; 18:360-8.
  3. Rowbotham MC, Reisner-Keller LA, Fields HL. Both intravenous lidocaine and morphine reduce the pain of postherpetic neuralgia. Neurology 1991; 41:1024-8.
  4. Watson CP, Babul N. Efficacy of oxycodone in neuropathic pain: a randomised trial in postherpetic neuralgia. Neurology 1998; 50:1837-41.
  5. Sindrup SH, Andersen G, Madsen C, Smith T, Brosen K, Jensen TS. Tramadol relieves pain and allodynia in polyneuropathy: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Pain 1999; 83:85-90.
  6. Sindrup SH, Madsen C, Brosen K, Jensen TS. The effect of tramadol in painful polyneuropathy in relation to serum drug and metabolite levels. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999; 66:636-41.
  7. Harati Y, Gooch C, Swenson M, Edelman S, Greene D, Raskin P, Donofrio P, Cornblath D, Sachdeo R, Siu CO, Kamin M. Double-blind randomized trial of tramadol for the treatment of pain of diabetic neuropathy. Neurology 1998; 50:1842-6.
  8. Bergouignan M. Cures heureuses de nevralgies facials esentiel les par le diphenylhydantoinate de soude. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord) 1942; 63:41.
  9. Lang DG, Wang CM, Cooper BR. Lamotrigine, phenytoin and carbamazepine interactions on the sodium current present in N4TG1 mouse neuroblastoma cells. J Pharmacol Exp Therapeutics 1993; 266:829-35.
  10. Ambrosio AF, Soaras-de-Silva P, Carvalho CM, Carvalho AP. Mechanisms of action of carbamazepine and its derivatives, oxcarbazepine, BIA 2-093, and BIA 2-024. Neurochemical Research 2002; 27:121-30.
  11. Gee NS, Brown JP, Dissanayake VU, Offord J, Thurlow R, Woodruff GN. The novel anticonvulsant drug, gabapentin (Neurontin), binds to the alpha delta 2 sub unit of a calcium channel. Journal Biological Chemistry 1996; 271:5768-76.
  12. Luo ZD, Calcutt NA, Higuera ES, Valder CR, Song YH, Svensson CI, Myers RR. Injury type specific calcium channel alpha delta 2 subunit up regulation in rat neuropathic pain models correlates with antiallodynic effects of gabapentin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002; 303:1199-205.
  13. Maneuf YP, Hughes J, McKnight AT. Gabapentin inhibits the substance P facilitated K+ evoked release of [3H] glutamate from rat caudal trigeminal nucleus slices. Pain 2001; 93:191-6.
  14. Cunningham MO, Jones RSG. The anticonvulsant, lamotrigine decreases spontaneous glutamate release but increases spontaneous GABA release in the rat entorhinal cortex in vivo. Neuropharmacology 2000; 39:2139-46.
  15. Lees G, Leach MJ. Studies on the mechanisms of action of the novel anticonvulsant lamotrigine (Lamictal) using primary neuroglial cultures from rat cortex. Brain Research 1993; 612:190-9.
  16. Majola MP, McFadden ML, Connolly C et al. Factors influencing phenytoin: induced gingival enlargement. J Clin Periodontal 2000; 27:506-12.
  17. Olatunde Farombi E, Akinloye O, Akinmoladun CO et al. Hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme induction and serum triglyceride elevation in rats treated with chlordiazepoxide, griseofulvin, rifampicin and phenytoin. Clin Chim Acta 1999; 289:1-10.
  18. Chadda VS, Mathur MS. Double blind study of the effects of diphenylhydantoin sodium on diabetic neuropathy. J Assoc Physicians India 1978; 26:403-6.
  19. McCleane GJ. Intravenous infusion of phenytoin relieves neuropathic pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover study. Anesth Analg 1999; 89:985-8.
  20. Rao VK, Feldman PD, Dibbell DG. Extravasation injury to the hand by intravenous phenytoin. J Neurosurg 1988; 68:967-9.
  21. Kilarski DJ, Buchanan C, Von Behren L. Soft tissue damage associated with intravenous phenytoin. N Engl J Med 1984; 311:1186-7.
  22. Cheshire WP. Fosphenytoin: an intravenous option for the management of acute trigeminal neuralgia crisis. J Pain Symptom Manage 2001; 21:506-10.
  23. McCleane GJ. Intravenous Fosphenytoin relieves chronic neuropathic pain: a double blind, placebo controlled, crossover trial. Analgesia 2000; 5:45-8.
  24. Blom S. Trigeminal neuralgia: its treatment with a new anticonvulsant drug (G32883). Lancet 1962; I:839-40.
  25. Campbell FG, Graham JG, Zilkha KJ. Clinical trial of carbazepine (Tegretol) in trigeminal neuralgia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1966; 29:265-7.
  26. Taylor JC, Brauer S, Espir ML. Long term treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with carbamazepine. Postgrad Med J 1981; 57:16-8.
  27. Rull JA, Quibrera R, Gonzalez-Millan H et al. Symptomatic treatment of peripheral diabetic neuropathy with carbamazepine (Tegretol): double blind crossover trial. Diabetologia 1969; 5:215-8.
  28. Leijon G, Bovie J. Central post stroke pain: a controlled trial of amitriptyline and carbamazepine. Pain 1989; 36:27-36.
  29. Killian JM, Fromm GH. Carbamazepine in the treatment of neuralgia: use and side effects. Arch Neurol 1968; 19:129-36.
  30. Biton V. Effect of antiepileptic drugs on bodyweight: overview and clinical implications for the treatment of epilepsy. CNS Drugs 2003; 17:781-9.
  31. Zakrzewska JM, Patsalos PN. Long-term cohort study comparing medical (oxcarbazepine) and surgical management of intractable trigeminal neuralgia. Pain 2002; 95:259-66.
  32. Khan OA. Gabapentin relieves trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis patients. Neurology 1998; 51:611-4.
  33. Sist T, Filadora V, Miner M, Lema M. Gabapentin for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia: report of two cases. Neurology 1997; 48:1467-71.
  34. Rowbotham M, Harden N, Stacey B, Bernstein P, Magnus-Miller L. Gabapentin for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1998; 280:1837-42.
  35. Segal AZ, Rordorf G. Gabapentin as a novel treatment for postherpetic neuralgia. Neurology 1996; 46:1175-6.
  36. Morello CM, Leckband SG, Stoner CP, Moorhouse DF, Sahagian GA. Randomized double blind study comparing the efficacy of gabapentin with amitriptyline on diabetic peripheral neuropathy pain. Archives of Internal Medicine 1999; 159:1931-7.
  37. Backonja M, Beydoun A, Edwards KR, Schwartz SL, Fonseca V, Hes M, LaMoreaux L, Garofalo E. Gabapentin for the treatment of painful neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus. JAMA 1998; 280:1831-6.
  38. Samkoff LM, Daras M, Tuchman AJ, Koppell BS. Amelioration of refractory dysesthetic limb pain in multiple sclerosis by gabapentin. Neurology 1997; 49:304-5.
  39. Bosnjak S, Jelic S, Susnjar S et al. Gabapentin for relief of neuropathic pain related to anticancer treatment: a preliminary study. J Chemother 2002; 14:214-9.
  40. Serpell MG, Neuropathic Pain Study Group. Gabapentin in neuropathic pain syndromes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pain 2002; 99:557-66.
  41. Fischer JH, Barr AN, Rogers SL, Fischer PA, Trudeau VL. Lack of serious toxicity following gabapentin overdose. Neurology 1994; 44:982-3.
  42. Norton JW. Gabapentin withdrawal syndrome. Clinical Neuropharmacology 2001; 24:245-6.
  43. Zakrzewska JM, Chaudhry Z, Nurmikko TJ, Patton DW, Mullens EL. Lamotrigine (Lamictal) in refractory trigeminal neuralgia: results from a double-blind placebo controlled crossover trial. Pain 1997; 73:223-30.
  44. Lunardi G, Leandri M, Albano C, Cultera S, Fracassi M, Rubino V, Favale E. Clinical effectiveness of lamotrigine and plasma levels in essential and symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia. Neurology 1997; 48:1714-7.
  45. Canavero S, Bonicalzi V. Lamotrigine control of trigeminal neuralgia: an expanded study. J Neurol 1997; 244:527-32.
  46. Simpson DM, Olney R, McArthur JC, Khan A, Godbold J, Ebel-Frommer K. A placebo controlled trial of lamotrigine for painful HIV associated neuropathy. Neurology 2000; 54:2115-9.
  47. Finnerup NB, Sindrup SH, Bach FW, Johannesen IL, Jensen TS. Lamotrigine in spinal cord injury pain: a randomized controlled trial. Pain 2002; 96:375-83.
  48. Eisenberg E, Lurie Y, Braker C, Daoud D, Ishay A. Lamotrigine reduces painful diabetic neuropathy: a randomized, controlled study. Neurology 2001; 57:505-9.
  49. Vestergaard K, Andersen G, Gottrup H, Kristensen BT, Jensen TS. Lamotrigine for central poststroke pain: a randomized controlled trial. Neurology 2001; 56:184-90.
  50. McCleane GJ. Lamotrigine in the management of neuropathic pain: a review of the literature. Clin J Pain 2000; 16:321-6.
  51. Sandner-Kiesling A, Rumpold Seitlinger G, Dorn C et al. Lamotrigine monotherapy for control of neuralgia after nerve section. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2002; 46:1261-4.
  52. McCleane GJ. 200 mg daily of lamotrigine has no analgesic effect in neuropathic pain: a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Pain 1999; 83:105-7.
  53. Drewes AM, Andreason A, Poulsen LH. Valproate for treatment of chronic central pain after spinal cord injury: a double-blind cross-over. Paraplegia 1994; 32:565-9.
  54. Kochar DK, Jain A, Agarwal RP et al. Sodium valproate in the management of painful neuropathy in type 2 diabetes: a randomized placebo controlled study. Acta Neurol Scand 2002; 106:248-52.
  55. Soderpalm B. Anticonvulsants: aspects of their mechanism of action. Eur J Pain 2002; 6Suppl:A3-9.
  56. Gilron I, Booher SL, Roawn JS et al. Topiramate in trigeminal neuralgia: a randomized, placebo-controlled multiple cross-over pilot study. Clin Neuropharmacol 2001; 24:109-12.
  57. Watson CP, Evans RJ, Reed K, Merskey H, Goldsmith L, Warsh J. Amitriptyline versus placebo in postherpetic neuralgia. Neurology 1982;32:671-3.
  58. Bowsher D. Acute herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia: effects of acyclovir and outcome of treatment with amitriptyline. Br J Gen Pract 1992; 42:244-6.
  59. Watson CPN, Chipman M, Reed K, Evans RJ, Birkett N. Amitriptyline versus maprotiline in postherpetic neuralgia: a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial. Pain 1992; 48:29-36.
  60. Watson CPN, Evans, RJ. A comparative trial of amitriptyline and zimelidine in post-herpetic neuralgia. Pain 1985; 23:387-94.
  61. Max MB, Schafer SC, Culnane M, Smoller B, Dubner R, Gracely RH. Amitriptyline, but not lorazepam, relieves postherpetic neuralgia. Neurology 1988; 38:1427-32.
  62. Kvinesdal B, Molin J, Froland A, Gram LF. Imipramine treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy. JAMA 251; 1727-30.
  63. Bromm B, Meier W, Scharein E. Imipramine reduces experimental pain. Pain 1986; 25:245-57.
  64. Poulsen L, Arendt-Nielsen L, Brosen K, Nielsen KK, Gram LF, Sindrup SH. The hypoalgesic effect of imipramine in different human experimental pain models. Pain 1995; 60:287-93.
  65. Sindrup SH, Ejlertsen B, Froland A, Sindrup EH, Brosen K, Gram LF. Imipramine treatment in diabetic neuropathy: relief of subjective symptoms without changes in peripheral and autonomic function. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1989; 37:151-3.
  66. Sindrup SH, Gram LF, Skjold T, Froland A, Beck-Nielsen H. Concentration response relationship in imipramine treatment of diabetic neuropathy symptoms. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1990; 47:509-15.
  67. Langohr HD, Stohr M, Petruch F. An open and double-blind crossover study on the efficacy of clomipramine (Anafranil) in patients with painful mono- and polyneuropathies. Eur Neurol 1982; 21:309-17.
  68. Sindrup SH, Gram LF, Skjold T, Grodum E, Brosen K, Beck-Nielsen. Clomipramine vs desipramine vs placebo in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy symptoms. A double blind cross-over study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1990; 30:683-91.
  69. Max MB, Lynch AS, Moiré J, Shoaf SE, Smoller B, Dubner R. Effects of desipramine, amitriptyline, and fluoxetine on pain in diabetic neuropathy. N Engl J Med 1992; 326:1250-6.
  70. Max MB, Kishore-Kumar R, Schafer SC, Meister B, Gracely RH, Smoller B, Dubner R. Efficacy of desipramine in painful diabetic neuropathy: a placebo-controlled trial. Pain 1991; 45:3-9.
  71. Kishore-Kumar R, Max MB, Schafer SC, Gaughan AM, Smoller B, Gracely RH, Dubner R. Desipramine relieves postherpetic neuralgia. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1990; 47:305-12.
  72. Hameroff SR, Cork RC, Scherer K, Crago BR, Neuman C, Womble JR, Davis TP. Doxepin effects on chronic pain, depression and plasma opioids. J Clin Psychiatry 1982; 43:22-7.
  73. Max MB, Culnane M, Schafer SC, Gracely RH, Walther DJ, Smoller B, Dubner R. Amitryptyline relieves diabetic neuropathy pain in patients with normal or depressed mood. Neurology 1987; 37:589-96.
  74. Botney M, Fields HL. Amitriptyline potentiates morphine analgesia by a direct action on the central nervous system. Annals of Neurology 1983; 13:160-4.
  75. Ansuategui M, Naharro L, Feria M. Noradrenergic and opioidergic influences on the antinociceptive effect of clomipramine in the formalin test in rats. Psychopharmacology 1989; 98:93-6.
  76. Pancrazio JJ, Kamatchi GL, Roscoe AK, Lynch C. Inhibition of neuronal Na+ channels by antidepressant drugs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1998; 284:208-14.
  77. Habuchi Y, Furukawa T, Tanaka H, Tsujimura Y, Yoshimura M. Block of Na+ channels by imipramine in guinea pig cardiac ventricular cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1991; 258:1072-81.
  78. Bou-Abboud E, Nattel S. Molecular mechanisms of the reversal of imipramine induced sodium channel blockade by alkalinization in human cardiac myocytes. Cardiovascular Research 1998; 38:395-404.
  79. Deffois A, Fage D, Carter C. Inhibition of synaptosomal veratridine-induced sodium influx by antidepressants and neuroleptics used in chronic pain. Neuroscience Letters 1996; 220:117-20.
  80. Sawynok J, Reid AR, Esser MJ. Peripheral antinociceptive action of amitriptyline in the rat formalin test: involvement of adenosine. Pain 1999; 80:45-55.
  81. Heughan CE, Allen GV, Chase TD, Sawynok J. Peripheral amitriptyline suppresses formalin-induced fos expression in the rat spinal cord. Anesth Analg 2002; 94:427-31.
  82. Sawynok J, Esser MJ, Reid AR. Peripheral antinociceptive actions of desimipramine and fluoxetine in an inflammatory and neuropathic pain test in the rat. Pain 1999; 82:149-58.
  83. McCleane GJ. Topical application of doxepin hydrochloride can reduce the symptoms of complex regional pain syndrome. Injury 2002; 33:88-9.
  84. McCleane GJ. Topical application of doxepin hydrochloride, capsaicin and a combination of both produces analgesia in chronic human neuropathic pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Br J Clin Pharmacol; 49:574-9.
  85. McCleane GJ. Topical doxepin hydrochloride reduces neuropathic pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study. The Pain Clinic 1999; 12:47-50.
  86. Epstein JB, Truelove EL, Oien H, Allison C, Le ND, Epstein MS. Oral topical doxepin rinse: analgesic effect in patients with oral mucosal pain due to cancer or cancer therapy. Oral Oncology 2001; 37:632-7.
  87. Mercadente S, Arcuri E, Tirelli W et al. Amitriptyline in neuropathic cancer pain in patients on morphine therapy: a randomized placebo controlled, double-blind crossover study. Tumori 2002; 88:239-42.
  88. Buckley NA, McManus PR. Fatal toxicity of serotinergic and other antidepressant drugs: analysis of United Kingdom mortality data. BMJ 2002; 325:1332-4.
  89. Sindrup SH, Gram LF, Brosen K, Eshoj O, Morgensen EF. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine is effective in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy symptoms. Pain 1990; 42:135-44.
  90. Sindrup SH, Bjerre U, Dejgaard A, Brosen K, Aaes-Jorgensen T, Gram LF. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram relieves the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1992; 52:547-52.
  91. Kamei J, Hitosugi H, Kawashima N et al. Antinociceptive effect of mexiletine in diabetic mice. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 1992; 77:245-8.
  92. Dejgard A, Petersen P, Kastrup J. Mexiletine for treatment of chronic painful diabetic neuropathy. Lancet 1988; 1:9-11.
  93. Chabal C, Jacobson L, Mariano A, Chaney E, Britell CW. The use of oral mexiletine for the treatment of pain after peripheral nerve injury. Anesthesiology 1992; 76:513-7.
  94. Rowbotham MC, Davies PS, Verkempinck C et al. Lidocaine patch: double blind controlled study of a new treatment method for pos-herpetic neuralgia. Pain 1996; 65:39-44.
  95. Galer BS, Rowbotham MC, Perander J, Friedman E. Topical lidocaine patch relieves postherpetic neuralgia more effectively than a vehicle topical patch: results of an enriched enrolment study. Pain 1999; 80:533-8.
  96. Galer BS, Jensen MP, Ma T et al. The lidocaine patch 5% effectively treats all neuropathic pain qualities: results of a randomized, double-blind, vehicle controlled, 3 week efficacy study with use of the neuropathic pain scale. Clin J Pain 2002; 18:297-301.
  97. Gordon RA. Intravenous novocaine for analgesia in burns. Can M A J 1943; 49:478-81.
  98. Furukawa T, Koumi S, Sakakibara Y, Singer DH, Jia H, Arentzen CE, Backer CL, Wasserstrom JA. An analysis of lidocaine block of sodium current in isolated human atrial and ventricular myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1995; 27:831-46.
  99. Catterall WA. Common modes of drug action on Na channels: local anesthetics, antiarrhythmics and anticonvulsants. TIPS 1987; 8:57-65.
  100. Devor M, Wall PD, Catalan N. Systemic lidocaine silences ectopic neuroma and DRG discharge without blocking nerve conduction. Pain 1992; 48:261-8.
  101. Woolf CJ, Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z. The systemic administration of local anaesthetics produces a selective depression of C-afferent fibre evoked activity in the spinal cord. Pain 1985; 23:361-74.
  102. Kastrup J, Petersen P, Dejgard A, Angelo HR, Hilsted J. Intravenous lidocaine infusion-a new treatment of chronic painful diabetic neuropathy Pain 1987; 28:69-75.
  103. Kastrup J, Bach FW, Petersen P, Dejgard A, Ekman R, Jensen S, Angelo H. Lidocaine treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy and endogenous opioid peptides in plasma. Clin J Pain 1989; 5:239-44.
  104. Ackerman WE, Colclough GW, Juneja MM, Bellinger K. The management of oral mexiletine and intravenous lidocaine to treat chronic painful symmetrical distal diabetic neuropathy. KMA Journal 1991; 89:500-1.
  105. Baranowski AP, De Courcey J, Bonello E. A trial of intravenous lidocaine on the pain and allodynia of postherpetic neuralgia. J Pain Symptom Manage 1999; 17:429-33.
  106. Attal N, Gaude V, Brasseur L, Dupuy M, Guirimand F, Bouhhassira D. Intravenous lidocaine in central pain. A double blind, placebo controlled, psycho physical study. Neurology 2000; 54:564-74.
  107. Medrik-Goldberg T, Lifschitz D, Pud D, Adler R, Eisenberg E. Intravenous lidocaine, amantadine, and placebo in the treatment of sciatica: a double blind, randomized, controlled study. Reg Anesth Pain Med 1999; 24:534-40.
  108. Turnbull A. Tincture of capsicum as a remedy for chilblains and toothache. Dublin Med Press 1850; 6:95-6.
  109. Fitzgerald M. Capsaicin and sensory neurones. Pain 1983; 15:109-30.
  110. Rains C, Bryson HM. Topical capsaicin. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential in post herpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy and osteoarthritis. Drugs Aging 1995; 7:317-28.
  111. Bernstein JE, Korman NJ, Bickers DR, Dahl MV, Millikan LE. Topical capsaicin treatment of chronic postherpetic neuralgia. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989; 21:265-70.
  112. Watson CPN, Tyler KL, Bickers DR, Millikan LE, Smith S, Coleman E. A randomized vehicle controlled trial of topical capsaicin in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia. Clin Therapeutics 1993; 15:510-26.
  113. Watson CPN, Evans RJ, Watt VR. Post herpetic neuralgia and topical capsaicin. Pain 1988; 33:333-40.
  114. Capsaicin Study Group. Effect of treatment with capsaicin on daily activities of patients with painful diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care 1992; 15:159-65.
  115. Chad DA, Aronin N, Lundstrom R, McKeon, Ross D, Molitich M, Schipper HM, Stall G, Dyess E, Tarsy D. Does capsaicin relieve the pain of diabetic neuropathy Pain 1990; 42:387-8.
  116. The Capsaicin Study Group. Treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy with topical capsaicin. Arch Intern Med 1991; 151:2225-9.
  117. Tandan R, Lewis GA, Krusinski PB, Badger GB, Fries TJ. Topical capsaicin in painful diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care 1992; 15:8-13.
  118. Scheffler NM, Sheital PL, Lipton MN. Treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy with capsaicin. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 1991; 31:288-93.
  119. Low PA, Opfer-Gehrking TL, Dyck PJ, Litchy WJ, O’Brien PC. Double blind, placebo controlled study of the application of capsaicin cream in chronic distal painful polyneuropathy. Pain 1995; 450:163-8.
  120. Ellison N, Loprinzi CL, Kugler J, Hatfield AK, Miser A, Sloan JA, Wender DB, Rowland KM, Molina R, Cascino TL, Vukov AM, Dhaliwal HS, Ghosh C. Phase III placebo controlled trial of capsaicin cream in the management of surgical neuropathic pain in cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 1997; 15:2974-80.
  121. Watson CP, Evans RJ. The post-mastectomy pain syndrome and topical capsaicin: a randomized trial. Pain 1992; 51:375-9.
  122. Yosipovitch G, Mailbach HI, Rowbotham MC. Effect of EMLA pre-treatment on capsaicin-induced burning and hyperalgesia. Acta Derm Venereol 1999; 79:118-21.
  123. McCleane GJ, McLaughlin M. The addition of GTN to capsaicin cream reduces the discomfort associated with application of capsaicin alone. A volunteer study. Pain 1998; 78:149-51.
  124. Walker RA, McCleane GJ. The addition of gylceryltrinitrate to capsaicin cream reduces the thermal allodynia associated with the use of capsaicin alone in humans. Neuroscience Letters 2002:332:210-2.
  125. McCleane GJ. The analgesic efficacy of topical capsaicin is enhanced by glyceryl trinitrate in painful osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study. Eur J Pain 2000; 4:355-60.
  126. Fromm GH, Terrence CF, Chatta AS. Baclofen in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: double blind study and long term follow up. Ann Neurol 1984; 15:240-4.
  127. Epstein JB, Grushka M, Le N. Topical clonidine for orofacial pain: a pilot study. J Orofacial Pain 1997; 11:346-52.
  128. Byas-Smith MG, Max MB, Muir J, Kingham A. Transdermal clonidine compared to placebo in painful diabetic neuropathy using a two stage “enriched enrolment” design. Pain 1995; 60:267-74.
  129. Davis KD, Treede RD, Raja SN, Meyer RA, Campbell JN. Topical application of clonidine relieves hyperalgesia in patients with sympathetically maintained pain. Pain 1991; 47:309-17.
  130. Zeigler D, Lynch SA, Muir J, Benjamin J, Max MB. Transdermal clonidine versus placebo in painful diabetic neuropathy. Pain 1992; 48:403-8.
  131. Nakamura M, Ferreira SH. Peripheral analgesic action of clonidine: mediated by release of endogenous enkephalin-like substances. Eur J Pharmacol 1988; 146:223-8.

Título español
Resumen
 Palabras clave
 Bibliografía
 Artículo completo
(exclusivo a suscriptores)
 Autoevaluación
  Tema principal en SIIC Data Bases
 Especialidades

 English title
 Abstract
 Key words
Full text
(exclusivo a suscriptores)

Autor 
Artículos
Correspondencia

Patrocinio y reconocimiento
Imprimir esta página
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Está expresamente prohibida la redistribución y la redifusión de todo o parte de los contenidos de la Sociedad Iberoamericana de Información Científica (SIIC) S.A. sin previo y expreso consentimiento de SIIC.
Artículos relacionadosMás relacionadosAtículos relacionados
EFICACIA DE LA PREGABALINA EN PACIENTES CON DOLOR NEUROPÁTICO CRÓNICO
Materia Socio-Medica 35(1):42-47
Difundido en siicsalud: 13 may 2024
ua31618